Cope's rule in the Ordovician trilobite family Asaphidae (order Asaphida): patterns across multiple most parsimonious trees

Bell, Mark A.; Braddy, Simon J.

doi:10.1080/08912963.2011.616201

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Resolving these issues will require collection‐based studies on better resolved temporal and spatial scales (Payne et al . ) combined with broad systematic sampling of species and body size in phylogenetic contexts (Bell & Braddy ). The latter is not straightforward in many of these groups, particularly in orthoconic cephalopods, which have little characters useful for systematics and only a few palaeontologist working on them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giant trilobites have attracted a lot of attention (Clarke 1890(Clarke , 1897Reimann 1942;Rabano 1989;Geyer 1993;Schraut 1998;Owen 2003;Rudkin et al 2003;Guti errez-Marco et al 2009;Bell & Braddy 2012) and it appears to be only a question of time before the first trilobite exceeding 1 m in length is found. Among trilobites, taken as a whole, the opposite of Cope's rule is true: the largest forms appear in the Cambrian and Late Ordovician, while both mean and maximum sizes decrease slightly until the Devonian and only smaller species are known from the Late Palaeozoic (Bell & Braddy 2012).…”

Section: Trilobitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Gutiérrez‐Marco et al . ; Lamsdell & Braddy ; Van Roy & Briggs ; Bell & Braddy ). All these groups have also been considered to contain important predators of this time interval, although only rarely direct evidence for predator–prey interactions is available (compare Brett & Walker ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Gigantism and large body size have been examined frequently for single marine invertebrate species or groups (Teichert & Kummel 1960;Rudkin et al 2003;Novack-Gottshall & Lanier 2008;Guti errez-Marco et al 2009;Lamsdell & Braddy 2010;Van Roy & Briggs 2011;Bell & Braddy 2012), but multi-group analyses of the spatiotemporal distribution of Palaeozoic giants in Earth history are lacking (compare Novack-Gottshall 2008). Little is known about the potential macroecological and underlying macroevolutionary drivers of marine gigantism.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We thus examined palaeogeographical and temporal occurrences of giant species exceeding 0.5 m in maximum body size of the following Palaeozoic marine mobile invertebrate groups: Cephalopoda with orthoconic conchs, Ammonoidea, Eurypterina and Trilobita (Anomalocarididae were also included in some more qualitative analyses; in other quantitative analyses presented herein, they were excluded because of their low diversity and small number of reported occurrences). We chose these groups because most of them are reasonably diverse and abundant (thus, the likelihood of making reasonable maximum size estimates is higher) and have evolved large-sized representatives (Teichert & Kummel 1960;Rudkin et al 2003;Korn & Klug 2007;Braddy et al 2008;Guti errez-Marco et al 2009;Lamsdell & Braddy 2010;Van Roy & Briggs 2011;Bell & Braddy 2012). All these groups have also been considered to contain important predators of this time interval, although only rarely direct evidence for predator-prey interactions is available (compare Brett & Walker 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Normal giants? Temporal and latitudinal shifts of Palaeozoic marine invertebrate gigantism and global change

Klug

Baets

Kröger

et al. 2015

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During and after the Cambrian explosion, very large marine invertebrate species have evolved in several groups. Gigantism in Carboniferous land invertebrates has been explained by a peak in atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but Palaeozoic marine invertebrate gigantism has not been studied empirically and explained comprehensively. By quantifying the spatiotemporal distribution of the largest representatives of some of the major marine invertebrate clades (orthoconic cephalopods, ammonoids, trilobites, marine eurypterids), we assessed possible links between environmental parameters (atmospheric or oceanic oxygen concentrations, ocean water temperature or sea level) and maximum body size, but we could not find a straightforward relationship between both. Nevertheless, marine invertebrate gigantism within these groups was temporally concentrated within intervals of high taxonomic diversity (Ordovician, Devonian) and spatially correlated with latitudes of high occurrence frequency. Regardless of whether temporal and spatial variation in sampled diversity and occurrence frequency reflect true biological patterns or sampling controls, we find no evidence that the occurrences of giants in these groups were controlled by optimal conditions other than those that controlled the group as a whole; if these conditions shift latitudinally, occurrences of giants will shift as well. It is tempting to attribute these shifts to contemporary changes in temperature, oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere and the oceans as well as global palaeogeography over time, but further collection‐based studies are necessary on finer stratigraphic and phylogenetic resolution to corroborate such hypotheses and rule out sampling or collection biases.

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confidence: 99%

Section: Trilobitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal giants? Temporal and latitudinal shifts of Palaeozoic marine invertebrate gigantism and global change

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Baets

Kröger

et al. 2015

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Vascular Patterns in the Heads of Dinosaurs: Evidence for Blood Vessels, Sites of Thermal Exchange, and Their Role in Physiological Thermoregulatory Strategies

Porter

Witmer

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Body size has thermal repercussions that impact physiology. Large‐bodied dinosaurs potentially retained heat to the point of reaching dangerous levels, whereas small dinosaurs shed heat relatively easily. Elevated body temperatures are known to have an adverse influence on neurosensory tissues and require physiological mechanisms for selective brain and eye temperature regulation. Vascular osteological correlates in fossil dinosaur skulls from multiple clades representing different body‐size classes were identified and compared. Neurovascular canals were identified that differentiate thermoregulatory strategies involving three sites of evaporative cooling that are known in extant diapsids to function in selective brain temperature regulation. Small dinosaurs showed similarly sized canals, reflecting a plesiomorphic balanced pattern of blood supply and a distributed thermoregulatory strategy with little evidence of enhancement of any sites of thermal exchange. Large dinosaurs, however, showed a more unbalanced vascular pattern whereby certain sites of thermal exchange were emphasized for enhanced blood flow, reflecting a more focused thermal strategy. A quantitative, statistical analysis of canal cross‐sectional area was conducted to test these anatomical results, confirming that large‐bodied, and often large‐headed, species showed focused thermal strategies with enhanced collateral blood flow to certain sites of heat exchange. Large theropods showed evidence for a plesiomorphic balanced blood flow pattern, yet evidence for vascularization of the large antorbital paranasal air sinus indicates theropods may have had a fourth site of heat exchange as part of a novel focused thermoregulatory strategy. Evidence presented here for differing thermoregulatory strategies based on size and phylogeny helps refine our knowledge of dinosaur physiology. Anat Rec, 303:1075–1103, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy

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Preparing Paleontological Datasets for Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

Bapst

2014

Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology

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Cope's rule in the Ordovician trilobite family Asaphidae (order Asaphida): patterns across multiple most parsimonious trees

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Normal giants? Temporal and latitudinal shifts of Palaeozoic marine invertebrate gigantism and global change

Normal giants? Temporal and latitudinal shifts of Palaeozoic marine invertebrate gigantism and global change

Vascular Patterns in the Heads of Dinosaurs: Evidence for Blood Vessels, Sites of Thermal Exchange, and Their Role in Physiological Thermoregulatory Strategies

Preparing Paleontological Datasets for Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

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