COPD & Increasing Nicotine-Dependence Severity (1989-2006): Need To Change the Paradigm for Tobacco-Dependence Treatment in COPD.

Effects of anxiety sensitivity reduction on smoking abstinence: An analysis from a panic prevention program.

“…There also may be a need for interventions to reduce the reinforcing value of tobacco, including psychosocial and pharmacological therapy (e.g., varenicline). Relative to earlier generations of smokers, contemporary smokers are more tobacco dependent, more likely to die from a smoking-related disease, and have greater difficulty quitting, potentially as a result of psychiatric comorbidity (Sachs, Hodgkin, & Bostrom, 2009; Thun et al, 2013; Williams, Steinberg, Griffiths, & Cooperman, 2013), treatment efforts that target additional underlying mechanisms may be necessary to support long-term abstinence.…”