Copaiba Oil-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules: Production and In Vitro Biosafety Evaluation on Lung Cells as a Pre-Formulation Step to Produce Phytotherapeutic Medicine

Abstract

Copaiba oil has been largely used due to its therapeutic properties. Nanocapsules were revealed to be a great nanosystem to carry natural oils due to their ability to improve the bioaccessibility and the bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize copaiba oil nanocapsules (CopNc) and to evaluate their hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Copaiba oil was chemically characterized by GC-MS and FTIR. CopNc was produced using the nanoprecipitation method. The physicochemical stability, toxicity, and biocompatibility of the systems, in vitro, were then evaluated. Β-bisabolene, cis-α-bergamotene, caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide were identified as the major copaiba oil components. CopNc showed a particle size of 215 ± 10 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.15 ± 0.01, and a zeta potential of −18 ± 1. These parameters remained unchanged over 30 days at 25 ± 2 °C. The encapsulation efficiency of CopNc was 54 ± 2%. CopNc neither induced hemolysis in erythrocytes, nor cytotoxic and genotoxic in lung cells at the range of concentrations from 50 to 200 μg·mL−1. In conclusion, CopNc showed suitable stability and physicochemical properties. Moreover, this formulation presented a remarkable safety profile on lung cells. These results may pave the way to further use CopNc for the development of phytotherapeutic medicine intended for pulmonary delivery of copaiba oil.

Electrospun Membrane Based on Poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and Natural Rubber Containing Copaiba Oil Designed as a Dressing with Antimicrobial Properties

“…In addition, the peak at 1697 and 1646 cm −1 suggests carbonyl stretching. Moreover, the peaks at 1447, 1380, and 887 cm −1 indicate the bending vibrations of aliphatic CH2, C-O bond vibrations, and C=C bending, respectively [12,21]. The PLDLA/NR infrared spectrum presented the main bands of both individual polymers (PLDLA and NR).…”

“…In addition, the peak at 1697 and 1646 cm −1 suggests carbonyl stretching. Moreover, the peaks at 1447, 1380, and 887 cm −1 indicate the bending vibrations of aliphatic CH 2 , C-O bond vibrations, and C=C bending, respectively [12,21]. are composed of long chains of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), and due to such properties, they provide increased malleability and flexibility to the PLDLA due to its elastomeric features.…”

“…It is found in different species, such as Copaifera officinalis L., which was used in this study. CO has important biological properties for biomedical applications, such as analgesic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity [12]. Furthermore, CO shows antibacterial [13] and bacteriostatic [14] properties, important properties to prevent infections of high complexity.…”

Nanoformulations in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications: Green Perspectives

“…The poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-protected platinum nanoparticles (PAA-Pt) proved to be efficient scavengers of free radicals like peroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals [ 85 ]. An imbalanced oxidative status due to the production of ROS can be reduced by the presence of antioxidants such as PtNPs [ 86 ]. The research of Watanabe, et al demonstrated that these nanoparticles can be used in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and ageing because these platinum nanoparticles have activity like mitochondrial electron transfer complex I [ 85 ].…”