Coordination of Rhythmic Movements

Gal, Jean-Patrick Le; Dubuc, Réjean; Smarandache‐Wellmann, Carmen

doi:10.1002/9781118873397.ch10

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…During oscillatory circuit activity, differences in sensory, descending, and modulatory inputs often result in different activity phases between different neurons, whereas similar behavioral settings and circuit states produce characteristic phase relationships (Marder and Bucher, 2001;Wang, 2010;Grillner and El Manira, 2015;Wilson et al, 2015;Frigon, 2017;Grillner and El Manira, 2020). These activity phases can even be maintained over a wide range of rhythm frequencies within individuals, which has been demonstrated in many motor systems (DiCaprio et al, 1997;Wenning et al, 2004;Marder et al, 2005;Grillner, 2006;Le Gal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Variability Of Activity Phases Within and Across Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two confounding aspects of this interplay. First, in many oscillatory systems, phase is maintained over a range of frequencies, i.e., intrinsic and synaptic properties have to ensure that absolute timing of responses changes proportionally to the speed of rhythmic circuit activity (Grillner, 2006;Mullins et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2014;Le Gal et al, 2017;Martinez et al, 2019b). Second, phase can be very similar across individual animals despite substantial variability in the individual ionic and synaptic currents (Bucher et al, 2005a;Marder and Goaillard, 2006;Calabrese et al, 2011;Marder, 2011;Roffman et al, 2012;Golowasch, 2014;Hamood and Marder, 2014;Marder et al, 2014a;Calabrese et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-Animal Variability in Activity Phase Is Constrained by Synaptic Dynamics in an Oscillatory Network

Anwar¹,

Martínez²,

Bucher³

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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The levels of voltage-gated and synaptic currents in the same neuron type can vary substantially across individuals. Yet, the phase relationships between neurons in oscillatory circuits are often maintained, even in the face of varying oscillation frequencies. We examined whether synaptic and intrinsic currents are matched to maintain constant activity phases across preparations, using the lateral pyloric (LP) neuron of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crab, Cancer borealis . LP produces stable oscillatory bursts on release from inhibition, with an onset phase that is independent of oscillation frequency. We quantified the parameters that define the shape of the synaptic current inputs across preparations and found no linear correlations with voltage-gated currents. However, several synaptic parameters were correlated with oscillation period and burst onset phase, suggesting they may play a role in phase maintenance. We used dynamic clamp to apply artificial synaptic inputs and found that those synaptic parameters correlated with phase and period were ineffective in influencing burst onset. Instead, parameters that showed the least variability across preparations had the greatest influence. Thus, parameters that influence circuit phasing are constrained across individuals, while those that have little effect simply co-vary with phase and frequency.

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Section: Variability Of Activity Phases Within and Across Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Animal Variability in Activity Phase Is Constrained by Synaptic Dynamics in an Oscillatory Network

Anwar¹,

Martínez²,

Bucher³

et al. 2022

eNeuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Variability Of Activity Phases Within and Across Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-animal variability in activity phase is constrained by synaptic dynamics in an oscillatory network

Anwar

Martínez

Bucher

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The levels of voltage-gated and synaptic currents in the same neuron type can vary substantially across individuals. Yet, the phase relationships between neurons in oscillatory circuits are often maintained, even in the face of varying oscillation frequencies. We examined whether synaptic and intrinsic currents are matched to maintain constant activity phases across preparations, using the lateral pyloric (LP) neuron of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab, Cancer borealis. LP produces stable oscillatory bursts upon release from inhibition, with an onset phase that is independent of oscillation frequency. We quantified the parameters that define the shape of the synaptic current inputs across preparations and found no linear correlations with voltage-gated currents. However, several synaptic parameters were correlated with oscillation period and burst onset phase, suggesting they may play a role in phase maintenance. We used the dynamic clamp to apply artificial synaptic inputs and found that those synaptic parameters correlated with phase and period were ineffective in influencing burst onset. Instead, parameters that showed the least variability across preparations had the greatest influence. Thus, parameters that influence circuit phasing are constrained across individuals, while those that have little effect simply co-vary with phase and frequency.

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“…This review describes the influences of major developments in CPG research in different model systems (Bucher et al 2001;Delcomyn 1980;Diaz-Ríos et al 2017;Goulding 2009;Grillner 1975Grillner , 1981Grillner et al 1986Grillner et al , 2008Grillner and El Manira 2015;Grillner and Robertson 2017;Grossmann et al 2010;Guertin and Steuer 2009;Harris-Warrick and Ramirez 2017;Herman et al 1976;Hooper and Buschges 2017;Ijspeert et al 2016;Kiehn 2006Kiehn , 2011Kiehn , 2016Le Gal et al 2017;Marder and Bucher 2001;Marder and Calabrese 1996;McLean and Dougherty 2015;Orlovsky et al 1999;Pfluger 2017;Rossignol et al 2006;Stein 1984Stein , 1999Wetzel and Stuart 1976;Wilson 1972;Ziskind-Conhaim and Hochman 2017) on the work in our laboratory and the laboratories of others on a specific model system, the spinal cord CPGs that control hindlimb behaviors in the turtle (Berkowitz 2010(Berkowitz , 2015Berkowitz et al 2010;Berkowitz and Hao 2011;Currie and Gonsalves 1999;Guzulaitis et al 2014Guzulaitis et al , 2016Hao and Berkowitz 2017;Stein 1989Stein , 2005Stein , 2008…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central pattern generators in the turtle spinal cord: selection among the forms of motor behaviors

Stein

2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Neuronal networks in the turtle spinal cord have considerable computational complexity even in the absence of connections with supraspinal structures. These networks contain central pattern generators (CPGs) for each of several behaviors, including three forms of scratch, two forms of swim, and one form of flexion reflex. Each behavior is activated by a specific set of cutaneous or electrical stimuli. The process of selection among behaviors within the spinal cord has multisecond memories of specific motor patterns. Some spinal cord interneurons are partially shared among several CPGs, whereas other interneurons are active during only one type of behavior. Partial sharing is a proposed mechanism that contributes to the ability of the spinal cord to generate motor pattern blends with characteristics of multiple behaviors. Variations of motor patterns, termed deletions, assist in characterization of the organization of the pattern-generating components of CPGs. Single-neuron recordings during both normal and deletion motor patterns provide support for a CPG organizational structure with unit burst generators (UBGs) whose members serve a direction of a specific degree of freedom of the hindlimb, e.g., the hip-flexor UBG, the hip-extensor UBG, the knee-flexor UBG, the knee-extensor UBG, etc. The classic half-center hypothesis that includes all the hindlimb flexors in a single flexor half-center and all the hindlimb extensors in a single extensor half-center lacks the organizational complexity to account for the motor patterns produced by turtle spinal CPGs. Thus the turtle spinal cord is a valuable model system for studies of mechanisms responsible for selection and generation of motor behaviors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The concept of the central pattern generator (CPG) is a major tenet in motor neuroethology that has influenced the design and interpretations of experiments for over a half century. This review concentrates on the turtle spinal cord and describes studies from the 1970s to the present responsible for key developments in understanding the CPG mechanisms responsible for the selection and production of coordinated motor patterns during turtle hindlimb motor behaviors.

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Coordination of Rhythmic Movements

Cited by 10 publications

References 157 publications

Inter-Animal Variability in Activity Phase Is Constrained by Synaptic Dynamics in an Oscillatory Network

Inter-Animal Variability in Activity Phase Is Constrained by Synaptic Dynamics in an Oscillatory Network

Inter-animal variability in activity phase is constrained by synaptic dynamics in an oscillatory network

Central pattern generators in the turtle spinal cord: selection among the forms of motor behaviors

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