Coordination of movements of the tube feet and arms of ophiurans during locomotion

Arshavskii, Yu. I.; Kashin, S. M.; Литвинова, Н. М.; Orlovskii, G. N.; Feldman, Anatol G.

doi:10.1007/bf01063587

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, several other neural structures have been described in different echinoderm classes, including peripheral nerves emanating from the radial cords and innervating body musculature and appendages, peripheral ganglia located at the level of the appendages, and nerve plexuses innervating the epithelial lining of the viscera, the water vascular system and the body wall (Mashanov et al, 2016; Smith, 1965). Given these observations, some authors have hypothesized that the organization of the adult nervous systems of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates, which feature a central and a peripheral nervous system (Arshavskii, Kashin, Litvinova, Orlovskii, & Fel'dman, 1976; Mashanov et al, 2016). In this scheme, the five radial nerve cords would act as a centralized integrative center capable of receiving peripheral sensory information and controlling behavioral outputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural anatomy of echinoid early juveniles and comparison of nervous system organization in echinoderms

Formery

Orange

Formery³

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The echinoderms are a phylum of marine deuterostomes characterized by the pentaradial (five fold) symmetry of their adult bodies. Due to this unusual body plan, adult echinoderms have long been excluded from comparative analyses aimed at understanding the origin and evolution of deuterostome nervous systems. Here, we investigated the neural anatomy of early juveniles of representatives of three of the five echinoderm classes: the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus, the asteroid Patiria miniata, and the holothuroid Parastichopus parvimensis. Using whole mount immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that the nervous system of echinoid early juveniles is composed of three main structures: a basiepidermal nerve plexus, five radial nerve cords connected by a circumoral nerve ring, and peripheral nerves innervating the appendages. Our whole mount preparations further allowed us to obtain thorough descriptions of these structures and of several innervation patterns, in particular at the level of the appendages. Detailed comparisons of the echinoid juvenile nervous system with those of asteroid and holothuroid juveniles moreover supported a general conservation of the main neural structures in all three species, including at the level of the appendages. Our results support the previously proposed hypotheses for the existence of two neural units in echinoderms: one consisting of the basiepidermal nerve plexus to process sensory stimuli locally and one composed of the radial nerve cords and the peripheral nerves constituting a centralized control system. This study provides the basis for more in‐depth comparisons of the echinoderm adult nervous system with those of other animals, in particular hemichordates and chordates, to address the long‐standing controversies about deuterostome nervous system evolution.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural anatomy of echinoid early juveniles and comparison of nervous system organization in echinoderms

Formery

Orange

Formery³

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The tube feet in ophiuroids play a minor role in locomotion but can be used as the main driver of locomotion in ophiuroids which have lost the arms (Arshavskii et al 1976c;Pomory et al 2011). It has been observed that the tube feet take a more significant role in locomotion if multiple arms are amputated (Arshavskii et al 1976a).…”

Section: Locomotion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that the tube feet take a more significant role in locomotion if multiple arms are amputated (Arshavskii et al 1976a). One species, Amphicutis stygobita, has been found to utilize podial walking as its primary form of locomotion (Pomory et al 2011), and some research suggests that tube feet may play a more active role in ophiuroid locomotion in certain circumstances (Arshavskii et al 1976c). Systematic investigation is necessary to determine the ubiquity and importance of the tube feet in ophiuroid locomotion.…”

Section: Locomotion Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>Ophiuroid locomotion from fundamental structures to integrated systems</strong>

Clark

2019

Zoosymposia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The phylum Echinodermata includes an estimated 7,000 extant and 13,000 extinct species. Each living class represents a separate body plan with a unique mode of movement and locomotion. Brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea) utilize complex arm musculoskeletal physiology for rapid locomotion, in contrast to the other echinoderm classes, which are typically slow moving. Ophiuroid locomotion and its origins are poorly understood. This paper is a review of the current state of ophiuroid research, with a focus on topics relevant to ophiuroid movement and locomotion, including anatomy, physiology, functional morphology, disparity, ecology, and evolutionary history.

show abstract

Coordination of movements of the tube feet and arms of ophiurans during locomotion

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Neural anatomy of echinoid early juveniles and comparison of nervous system organization in echinoderms

Neural anatomy of echinoid early juveniles and comparison of nervous system organization in echinoderms

<strong>Ophiuroid locomotion from fundamental structures to integrated systems</strong>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About