Coordination of Generator Protection with Generator Excitation Control and Generator Capability; Working Group J-5 of the Rotating Machinery Subcommittee, Power System Relay Committee

Abstract

This paper was written by a Working Group of the IEEE Power System Relay Committee to provide guidance to the industry to better coordinate generator protection with generator control. The paper discusses specific calculation methods that can be used to insure generator protection and excitation system control are fully coordinated. It also specifically addresses the coordination of relays with generator full load capability and machine steady state stability limits. Because of recent blackouts, NERC (North American Electric Reliability Council) is developing standards [1-3] for the coordination of generator protection and control. This paper provides practical guidance on providing this coordination.

Investigation of Protection Schemes for Flexible Distribution of Energy and Storage Resources in an Industrial Microgrid

“…The relay reach in this case starts from the DER terminal and extends beyond the longest distribution line with one or two setting(s) zones [1], and its tripping time should be coordinated with that of distribution network relays. Introducing an additional reactance X add at the DER terminal as part of FDERS implementation will change the impedance as seen by the distance relay.…”

“…A key design objective for protection engineers is to always ensure good coordination between the protection strategies of distributed energy resources (DERs), their controls and load capabilities in order to achieve reliable operation of the modern power distribution [1]. This requires a detailed and thorough design to make certain that the DER relays are correctly matched with the excitation systems.…”

“…This requires a detailed and thorough design to make certain that the DER relays are correctly matched with the excitation systems. In addition, the relays' settings must consider the full load capabilities and steady-state stability limits [1]. Besides, the protection schemes are required to be coordinated with the network interconnections of neighboring DERs [2].…”

Impact of Overexcitation Limiters on the Power System Stability Margin Under Stressed Conditions

“…Faults close to generator buses activating OELs that bypass AVRs potentially trigger transient instability [16]. Highly sophisticated OEL designs enable these devices to self-modify their limits and internal settings depending on conditions related to factors such as rotor hydrogen cooling pressure and temperature [11], [17]. Therefore, the inclusion of OEL dynamics in detail for stability assessment remains an important research challenge.…”

Application of phasor measurement unit in adaptive protection for loss of excitation in a generator

“…The work by Vladimir Terzija et al [10][11][12][13] states that PMU(Phasor Measurement Units) are one of the main building blocks of the Synchronized Measurement Technology, which is technologically the enabler of the Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) system. In the work by Mozina [14] a single document was framed for practical guidance for generator protection and generator AVR control. The paper by Zang Shui [15] represents the development of PSCAD/EMTDC based generator, exciter and governor modeling .…”