Coordination of Chromosome Segregation and Cell Division in Staphylococcus aureus

Bottomley, Amy L.; Liew, Andrew T. F.; Kusuma, Kennardy D.; Peterson, Elizabeth; Seidel, Lisa; Foster, Simon J.; Harry, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01575

Cited by 31 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…GpsB, which probably arose from an initial gene duplication of divIVA , is restricted to the Bacillus group, including staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, lactobacilli, bacilli and paenibacilli. The gpsB and divIVA genes are non‐essential in most firmicutes (Cha & Stewart, ; Fadda et al , ; Pinho & Errington, ; Claessen et al , ; Halbedel et al , ; Fleurie et al , ; Rismondo et al , ; Bottomley et al , ), whereas the single divIVA in actinobacteria, also named wag31 in mycobacteria, cannot be deleted (Flärdh, ; Ramos et al , ; Kang et al , ). Unlike the firmicutes, actinobacteria grow by incorporation of new cell wall material at the cell poles in a DivIVA‐dependent manner (Flärdh, ; Flärdh, ), and this difference in growth mechanism could explain the essentiality of divIVA in actinobacteria.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Diviva/gpsb Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural basis for interaction of DivIVA/GpsB proteins with their ligands

Halbedel

Lewis

2019

Molecular Microbiology

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DivIVA proteins and their GpsB homologues are late cell division proteins found in Gram-positive bacteria. DivIVA/GpsB proteins associate with the inner leaflet of the cytosolic membrane and act as scaffolds for other proteins required for cell growth and division. DivIVA/GpsB proteins comprise an N-terminal lipid-binding domain for membrane association fused to C-terminal domains supporting oligomerization. Despite sharing the same domain organization, DivIVA and GpsB serve different cellular functions: DivIVA plays diverse roles in division site selection, chromosome segregation and controlling peptidoglycan homeostasis, whereas GpsB contributes to the spatiotemporal control of penicillin-binding protein activity. The crystal structures of the lipid-binding domains of DivIVA from Bacillus subtilis and GpsB from several species share a fold unique to this group of proteins, whereas the C-terminal domains of DivIVA and GpsB are radically different. A number of pivotal features identified from the crystal structures explain the functional differences between the proteins. Herein we discuss these structural and functional relationships and recent advances in our understanding of how DivIVA/ GpsB proteins bind and recruit their interaction partners, knowledge that might be useful for future structure-based DivIVA/GpsB inhibitor design.

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Section: Occurrence Of Diviva/gpsb Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural basis for interaction of DivIVA/GpsB proteins with their ligands

Halbedel

Lewis

2019

Molecular Microbiology

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“…One protein involved in this coordination is probably Noc (nucleoid occlusion protein) which both controls DNA replication (Pang et al, 2017) and inhibits Z-ring formation across the nucleoid (Veiga et al, 2011). Recent results also predict the protein DivIVA to have an important role in linking chromosome segregation with cell division (Bottomley et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CozEa and CozEb play overlapping and essential roles in controlling cell division in Staphylococcus aureus

Stamsås

Myrbråten

Straume

et al. 2018

Molecular Microbiology

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Staphylococcus aureus needs to control the position and timing of cell division and cell wall synthesis to maintain its spherical shape. We identified two membrane proteins, named CozEa and CozEb, which together are important for proper cell division in S. aureus. CozEa and CozEb are homologs of the cell elongation regulator CozE of Streptococcus pneumoniae. While cozEa and cozEb were not essential individually, the ΔcozEaΔcozEb double mutant was lethal. To study the functions of cozEa and cozEb, we constructed a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system for S. aureus, allowing transcriptional knockdown of essential genes. CRISPRi knockdown of cozEa in the ΔcozEb strain (and vice versa) causes cell morphological defects and aberrant nucleoid staining, showing that cozEa and cozEb have overlapping functions and are important for normal cell division. We found that CozEa and CozEb interact with and possibly influence localization of the cell division protein EzrA. Furthermore, the CozE-EzrA interaction is conserved in S. pneumoniae, and cell division is mislocalized in cozE -depleted S. pneumoniae cells. Together, our results show that CozE proteins mediate control of cell division in S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, likely via interactions with key cell division proteins such as EzrA.

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“…DivIVA, a membrane-localized divisome protein, interacts with SMC, thereby providing a means of coordinating chromosome segregation with cell division, although the exact mechanism is unclear (Bottomley et al, 2017). Accordingly, one could speculate that SMC-DivIVA interaction might act to anchor oriC-bound complexes containing Spo0J and SMC during staphylococcal chromosome segregation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spo0J and SMC are required for normal chromosome segregation in Staphylococcus aureus

2020

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Bacterial chromosome segregation is an essential cellular process that is particularly elusive in spherical bacteria such as the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we examined the functional significance of a ParB homologue, Spo0J, in staphylococcal chromosome segregation and investigated the role of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) bacterial condensin in this process. We show that neither spo0J nor smc is essential in S. aureus; however, their absence causes abnormal chromosome segregation. We demonstrate that formation of complexes containing Spo0J and SMC is required for efficient S. aureus chromosome segregation and that SMC localization is dependent on Spo0J. Furthermore, we found that cell division and cell cycle progression are unaffected by the absence of spo0J or smc. Our results verify the role of Spo0J and SMC in ensuring accurate staphylococcal chromosome segregation and also imply functional redundancy or the involvement of additional mechanisms that might contribute to faithful chromosome inheritance.

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Coordination of Chromosome Segregation and Cell Division in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 31 publications

References 74 publications

Structural basis for interaction of DivIVA/GpsB proteins with their ligands

Structural basis for interaction of DivIVA/GpsB proteins with their ligands

CozEa and CozEb play overlapping and essential roles in controlling cell division in Staphylococcus aureus

Spo0J and SMC are required for normal chromosome segregation in Staphylococcus aureus

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