Coordination of cell growth and cell division in maize (Zea mays L.) relevance of the conserved TOR signal transduction pathway

Sotelo, Ricardo; Garrocho‐Villegas, Verónica; Aguilar, Raúl; Calderón, Ma. Elena; Jiménez, Estela Sánchez de

doi:10.1007/s11627-010-9293-8

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Even though insulin has not been found in plants, it has been reported that this hormone and IGFs induce similar responses in plants; both effectors induce germination and growth of maize seeds (Sánchez de Jiménez et al , 1999; García-Flores et al , 2001) and accelerate growth of sunflower (Goodman and Davis, 1993) and Canavalia ensiformis seedlings (Oliveira et al , 2004); and in maize both ZmIGF and insulin enhance, by TOR pathway activation, the specific mobilization to polysomes and selective translation of mRNA related to protein synthesis, like S6rp, the translation initiation factor eIFiso4E (Dinkova et al , 2007) and ribosomal proteins (as has been demonstrated recently by microarray analysis; Jiménez-López et al , 2011). Also, it has been reported recently that ZmIGF/insulin induce mitogenic activation by increasing DNA synthesis in maize tissue cultures, as well as the mobilization into polysomes of mRNA coding for the proteins associated with the cell cycle, like PCNA and cyclin D1 (Sotelo et al , 2010) which participate in the G1–S transition, as mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of insulin on the cell cycle of germinating maize seeds (Zea maysL.)

et al. 2013

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During seed germination, metabolism is reactivated, DNA is repaired and cell division is restarted in the meristems. The mechanisms that co-ordinate cell growth and division in maize embryonic axes during germination are not well understood. However, the presence of a factor similar to IGF (insulin-like growth factor) that accelerates germination has been reported. In the present work, the regulation of the cell-cycle restart by bovine insulin [which has been demonstrated to produce similar effects as insulin-like growth factor of maize (ZmIGF) in maize seeds] was studied in germinating embryonic axes. Our results showed that bovine insulin differentially stimulates growth, S6K phosphorylation, S6rp transcript accumulation on the polysomal fraction, as well as de novo DNA synthesis in the radicles and the coleoptiles of the embryonic axis. A stronger and earlier effect was observed in radicles compared to coleoptiles; therefore, the effect of insulin on the cell cycle of the root meristem was studied by flow cytometry. The G1–S transition was stimulated and cell proliferation was induced. Furthermore, it was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) that bovine insulin increased E2F and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) transcription after 15 h of germination and PCNA de novo synthesis at 15 h of germination. These results show that bovine insulin preferentially stimulates growth in the radicles of germinating embryonic axes and suggest that its effect on the G1–S transition and the activation of cell proliferation is mediated by the induction of E2F and PCNA transcription.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of insulin on the cell cycle of germinating maize seeds (Zea maysL.)

et al. 2013

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“…16,17 Some land plants, however, lost this sensitivity. Among these plants are Arabidopsis and Vicia faba.…”

Section: Tor-binding Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects could be blocked by treatment with rapamycin, suggesting the involvement of TOR signaling in the response to IGF or insulin. 17 The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is an important component of the TOR signaling network. A large number of studies in various organisms have related TCTP to diverse cellular processes such as apoptosis, microtubule organization or ion homeostasis and several interacting proteins (e.g., Polo Kinase, Tubulin and Na + /K + -ATPase) were identified.…”

Section: Functional Importance Of the Tor Kinase In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant TOR signaling components

John

Roffler

Wicker

et al. 2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The TOR kinase acts as a central component of TOR signaling and modifies several downstream proteins by phosphorylation. TOR is part of two distinct multi protein complexes, namely TORC1 and TORC2, which are controlling diverse cellular processes such as autophagy, protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and actin dynamics.1 Mitochondrial oxidative function, which impacts aging processes, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also strongly influenced by TOR signaling.2 ROS can have cytotoxic effects but also possess a very important function as signaling molecules in diverse cellular processes. In plants, these molecules have been shown to be important for pathogen defense, polar cell growth, and the remodeling of the cell wall. 3The name of the TOR kinase and the entire pathway describes a characteristic property-the specific and effective inhibition by rapamycin, a macrocyclic lactone of bacterial origin. This sensitivity makes rapamycin a drug with very interesting properties for clinical and basic research. [4][5][6] Its potential is already used in tumor treatment, cardiology, transplantation medicine and treatment of neuronal diseases. 7-9 Structure of the TOR ProteinThe TOR protein belongs to the family of PIKK (phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases) which represent a group of conserved serine/threonine kinases. In addition to the kinase domain, the TOR protein possesses further distinct domains. Cell growth is a process that needs to be tightly regulated. Cells must be able to sense environmental factors like nutrient abundance, the energy level or stress signals and coordinate growth accordingly. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a major controller of growth-related processes in all eukaryotes. If environmental conditions are favorable, the TOR pathway promotes cell and organ growth and restrains catabolic processes like autophagy. Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of the TOR kinase and acts as a potent inhibitor of TOR signaling. As a consequence, interfering with TOR signaling has a strong impact on plant development. This review summarizes the progress in the understanding of the biological significance and the functional analysis of the TOR pathway in plants. (Fig. 1). The latter four domains are found in all PIKKs and thus seem important for the activity of this class of kinases. The HEAT repeats have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions and are found in several cytoplasmic proteins including the four giving rise to the acronym. 10 The inhibition of TOR by rapamycin requires the formation of a ternary complex of rapamycin, the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase FKBP12, and the FRB (FKBP12 rapamycin binding) domain. 1,4,11 The redox state of the FATC domain seems to impact the degradation of TOR. Plant TOR signaling components12 Yet, Ren and workers have shown that in Arabidopsis thaliana, the FATC domain is not essential for TOR function. 13 For a detailed structural analysis of TOR, see Knutson. 10 Plant TOR ProteinsTOR kinases from very diverse euk...

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“…Diferente evidencia sugiere que la insulina estimula el crecimiento en plantas como maíz y frijol (Sánchez de Jiménez et al, 1999;Santos, 2003) a una concentración de 1.23 nM. En maíz dicha concentración promovió la división y el crecimiento celular a través del reclutamiento a polisomas de transcritos como ciclina D y PCNA (Sotelo et al, 2010). En otros estudios sobre maíz, dicha concentración aceleró la germinación y la fosforilación de la proteína ribosomal S6 (Sánchez de Jiménez et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En cultivos de maíz sin restricción de fitorreguladores, también se ha descrito que la insulina estimula la proliferación celular a través ciclina D y PCNA (Sotelo et al, 2010). Por otra parte, se ha reportado que en cultivos BY-2 la ausencia de auxina conduce a una sincronización parcial con una proliferación acelerada después de la re-adición de auxinas al medio (Ishida et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Insulina Estimula La Proliferación Celular Dependiente De Auxinas en Los Cultivos De Células en Suspensión De Tabaco Nt-1

Fierros-Romero¹,

Mellado-Rojas²,

Beltrán‐Peña³

2016

Nexo Revista Científica

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La insulina regula el crecimiento en plantas como maíz y frijol, a través de la proliferación celular. En este estudio observamos que en cultivos de tabaco NT-1, la hormona regula la proliferación celular de manera dependiente de la presencia de auxinas. Los cultivos donde se limitó la concentración de auxinas, presentaron una baja actividad mitótica, la cual fue re establecida por la adición de 1.23 nM de insulina a través de la expresión de los genes ciclina B, CDKB, E2F, subunidad β- de la proteína G ARC A y glutation-S-transferasa (GST). Los cultivos también presentaron un incremento en peso seco y células pequeñas que corresponden a un fenotipo con alta división celular. Por otra parte, se ha reportado que la ausencia de auxinas en este tipo de cultivos de células de tabaco en suspensión conduce a una sincronización parcial, y en este sistema la insulina también promovió la proliferación, incrementando la expresión del gen E2F.

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Coordination of cell growth and cell division in maize (Zea mays L.) relevance of the conserved TOR signal transduction pathway

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of insulin on the cell cycle of germinating maize seeds (Zea maysL.)

Effect of insulin on the cell cycle of germinating maize seeds (Zea maysL.)

Plant TOR signaling components

Insulina Estimula La Proliferación Celular Dependiente De Auxinas en Los Cultivos De Células en Suspensión De Tabaco Nt-1

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