Coordination-Ionspray-MS (CIS-MS), a Universal Detection and Characterization Method for Direct Coupling with Separation Techniques

Abstract

By on-line addition of a central atom (for example, Ag , B , Pd , Li ) positively or negatively charged complexes of analytes can be formed for CIS-MS. This technique is applicable to both polar and nonpolar compounds-for example, for alcohols, ethers, and a large number of olefins, polyolefins, and arenes as well as steroids, vitamins of the D and E families, carotinoids, polystyrols, terpenes, and unsaturated fatty acids-and can be readily coupled with separation techniques.

On-line coupling of packed capillary electrochromatography with coordination ion spray-mass spectrometry for the separation of enantiomers

“…Nonpolar or even weakly polar substances such as sugars, alcohols, vitamins, or aromatic compounds yield poor sensitivities by the electrospray mechanism. Therefore, a new kind of chemical ionization, called coordination ion spray (CIS), has been developed, in which charged complexes are formed in situ by the addition of a suitable central complexing ion to the analytes [7][8][9][10]. These charged complexes are detectable by MS.…”

“…For example, metal ions such as silver(I), palladium(II), copper(II), nickel(II), as well as alkaline and alkaline earth metals are suitable to form positively charged coordination compounds, with sugars, fatty acids, triglycerides, vitamins, and aromatic compounds. Negatively charged complexes were generated with boron as the complexing reagent [7,8].…”

Analysis of unsaturated compounds by Ag+ coordination ionspray mass spectrometry: Studies of the formation of the Ag+/lipid complex

“…Silver ion forms adducts with unsaturated compounds to form highly stable complexes [19]. It was therefore expected that the strength of the silver ion-lipid complex would increase with the unsaturation in the lipid.…”

Structures, fragmentation, and protonation of trideoxynucleotide CCC mono- and dianions

“…T he advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) [I, 2] has spawned remarkable advances in the structural characterization of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, and oligodeoxyI ribonucleotides, as well as their metallated adducts and noncovalent complexes with proteins and drugs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Both positive and negative gas-phase ions of oligodeoxynucleotides can now be formed at will, covering a range of charge states according to chosen electrospray conditions.…”

“…Collisioninduced dissociation (CID) has proven to be a powerful tool for discerning important information about nucleobase sequences of oligonucleotides and probable sites for the binding of metal ions. Several mechanisms have been suggested for the dissociation of single-stranded oligodeoxynuc1eotides by base loss and cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone [3,5,11]. However, no single mechanism appears to be consistent with all observations.…”