Coordination Dynamics of the Horse-Rider System

Lagarde, Julien; Peham, Christian; Licka, Theresia; Kelso, J. A. Scott

doi:10.3200/jmbr.37.6.418-424

Cited by 128 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The looseness of this contact can be modelled by combining the spring-mass model with a free-fall of horse and rider. Furthermore, as the legs of both horse and rider have damper-like functions and as there is a phase shift between the motions of horse and rider (Lagarde et al, 2005), dampers for both horse and rider were implemented in the model. During rising trot, the rider actively stands up and two approaches were used to simulate the rider's muscle activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The motion pattern of a horse-rider combination is more consistent for an experienced rider than for an inexperienced rider (Peham et al, 2001). Lagarde and colleagues found the oscillations of the horse's trunk to be less variable for experienced riders than for novice riders (Lagarde et al, 2005); the experienced rider was able to move in phase with the horse whereas the novice rider was not. Schöllhorn and co-workers (Schöllhorn et al, 2006) observed that the movement of the horse, especially the head, was influenced by the rider and that the motion of a professional rider was better adapted to the movement pattern of the horse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling biomechanical requirements of a rider for different horse-riding techniques at trot

Cocq

Müller²,

Clayton

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe simplest model possible for bouncing systems consists of a point mass bouncing passively on a mass-less spring without viscous losses. This type of spring-mass model has been used to describe the stance period of symmetric running gaits. In this study, we investigated the interaction between horse and rider at trot using three models of force-driven spring (-damper)-mass systems. The first system consisted of a spring and a mass representing the horse that interact with another spring and mass representing the rider. In the second spring-damper-mass model, dampers, a free-fall and a forcing function for the rider were incorporated. In the third spring-damper-mass model, an active spring system for the leg of the rider was introduced with a variable spring stiffness and resting length in addition to a saddle spring with fixed material properties. The output of the models was compared with experimental data of sitting and rising trot and with the modern riding technique used by jockeys in racing. The models show which combinations of rider mass, spring stiffness and damping coefficient will result in a particular riding technique or other behaviours. Minimization of the peak force of the rider and the work of the horse resulted in an ʻextremeʼ modern jockey technique. The incorporation of an active spring system for the leg of the rider was needed to simulate rising trot. Thus, the models provide insight into the biomechanical requirements a rider has to comply with to respond effectively to the movements of a horse. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling biomechanical requirements of a rider for different horse-riding techniques at trot

Cocq

Müller²,

Clayton

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This results in multi-directional forces moving at different velocities defined by the horse's movement, the rider's weight and the rider's capacity to synchronize with the horse's movement (Lagarde et al, 2005). There are usually several layers of materials of different densities added to this already crowded space when a saddle is used.…”

Section: Pressure-measurement Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

Pierard

Hall

Borstel

et al. 2015

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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Within the emerging discipline of Equitation Science the application of consistent methodology, including robust objective measures, is required for sound scientific evaluation. This report aims to provide an evaluation of current methodology and to propose some initial guidelines for future research. The value of research, especially that involving small sample sizes, can be enhanced by the application of consistent methodology and reporting enabling results to be compared across studies. This paper includes guidelines for experimental design in studies involving the ridden horse. Equine ethograms currently used are reviewed and factors to be considered in the development of a riddenhorse ethogram are evaluated. An assessment of methods used to collect behavioral and physiological data is included and the use of equipment for measurements (e.g., rein-tension and pressure-sensing instruments) is discussed. Equitation science is a new discipline, subject to evolving viewpoints on research foci and design. Technological advances may improve the accuracy and detail of measurements, but must be used within appropriate and valid experimental designs.

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“…This type of leader–follower dynamics was seemingly operating in the dyad composed by a horse and his rider in simple seated trot dressage (Lagarde et al, 2005). We found evidence for an increase of synchrony between a highly trained rider and an equivalently highly trained horse when compared to the pair formed by an intermediate level rider and the same horse.…”

Section: Synchrony Is a Process And A Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for the understanding of the dynamics of social coordination

Lagarde

2013

Front. Neurorobot.

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The way people interact can be examined by looking at the way they move relative to each other. Seeking the principles behind those interactions have consequences potentially related to any type of interpersonal function, far beyond the so-called “motor” processes typically associated with the study of movements, be it perceptive, cognitive, affective, pragmatic, or epistemic. Here, we present the way the framework of coordination dynamics define and addresses the interactive actions in a dyad. We first introduce the basics of pattern formation as the roots of the theoretical approach of coordination dynamics, and then the way this framework may contribute to establish a solution to classify behaviors. Thereafter we review promising empirical results on the dynamics of interpersonal coordination, and finally discuss were to go next to decipher the way the coordination between two people and the way each individual contribute may be disentangled.

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Coordination Dynamics of the Horse-Rider System

Cited by 128 publications

References 29 publications

Modelling biomechanical requirements of a rider for different horse-riding techniques at trot

Modelling biomechanical requirements of a rider for different horse-riding techniques at trot

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

Challenges for the understanding of the dynamics of social coordination

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