Coordination Compounds of Boron Fluoride

Xin

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

2013

Unlike the conventional synthesis of acrylated soybean oil (ASO) that usually involved several steps, a novel one-step reaction synthesis of ASO was introduced in this study. ASO was prepared directly from the addition reaction of soybean oil (SO) and acrylic acid (AA). Effects of catalyst type, reaction stoichiometry, and conditions of the one-step synthesis of ASO were investigated in detail. The products were characterized using 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and FTIR. BF 3 •Et 2 O was found to be the most effective catalyst for this addition reaction. The results indicated that high catalyst and AA concentrations greatly increased the conversion to ASO and accelerated the reaction. Side reactions, such as polymerization of AA and transesterification between triglycerides and AA, were also noted during the reaction and were examined using 1 H NMR. The feasibility of recovering and reusing the catalyst and excess AA was evaluated.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Catalyst Type and Reaction Parameters on One-Step Acrylation of Soybean Oil

Xin

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

2013

“…It is known that BFEE exists in diethyl ether as a polar molecule, [(C 2 H 5 ) 3 O + ]BF 4 - , and the existence of the small amount of water complexes BF 3 into H + [BF 3 OH] - , which furnishes a conducting medium. , However, the conductivity of pure BFEE is relatively low (∼960 μS cm -1 ). The addition of a small amount of TFA (10%, by volume) into BFEE can increase the conductivity of the electrolyte significantly (∼4500 μS cm -1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies on the Doping Level Changes of Polythiophene Films during Their Electrochemical Growth Processes

Shi

2001

J. Phys. Chem. B

114

Polythiophene (PT), poly(3-chlorothiophene) (PCT), and poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT) have been electrochemically deposited on mirrorlike stainless steel (SS) electrode surfaces by direct oxidative polymerization of corresponding monomers in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) solution. The doping levels of as-grown thin films have been determined electrochemically. The results demonstrated that PTs were formed nearly in neutral state initially and their doping levels increased during electrochemical growth processes. Monomer structure and electrolyte have strong effects on the doping levels of PTs with a given thickness. Raman spectroscopic studies also confirmed these findings. Furthermore, it is found that the oxidized species of polythiophene and poly(3-chlorothiophene) are mainly presented in radical cations, while dications are favored to be formed in poly(3-methylthiophene) with a doping level higher than ca. 5%.

“…BF 3 has received wide application as a Lewis acid catalyst in a variety of acid-catalyzed reactions. Starting with Meerwein's pioneering work, its remarkable propensity to form coordination compounds with a variety of inorganic and organic bases were also explored . Unlike other boron trihalides, boron trifluoride does not undergo hydrolysis with water under usual conditions to boric acid and hydrofluoric acid. − Meerwein and collaborators , found that BF 3 combines with water to form both a monohydrate and a dihydrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With organic compounds containing oxygen atoms as n-donors (Lewis bases), boron trifluoride in general forms coordination compounds of 1:1 or 1:2 compositions . With ethers and esters, boron trifluoride forms 1:1 coordination complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BF₃·2CF₃CH₂OH (BF₃·2TFE), an Efficient Superacidic Catalyst for Some Organic Synthetic Transformations

et al. 2006

BF3.2CF3CH2OH complex was found to be a very effective superacidic catalyst comparable in acid strength to at least that of 100% anhydrous sulfuric acid for various acid-catalyzed organic transformations such as isomerizations, rearrangements, ionic hydrogenation of various ketones, and aromatics with triethylsilane and nitration of aromatics with metal nitrate. Studies of the pivalaldehyde-methyl isopropyl ketone rearrangement and the benzopinacol to phenanthrene transformation suggest that the complex has an acidity comparable to that of 100% anhydrous sulfuric acid. The structure and properties of the 1:2 boron trifluoride-trifluoroethanol complex have been further studied using NMR (1H, 13C, 19F, 11B) and DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G//B3LYP/6-31G level.