Coordination‐Cluster‐Based Molecular Magnetic Refrigerants

Abstract

Coordination polymers serving as molecular magnetic refrigerants have been attracting great interest. In particular, coordination cluster compounds that demonstrate their apparent advantages on cryogenic magnetic refrigerants have attracted more attention in the last five years. Herein, we mainly focus on depicting aspects of syntheses, structures, and magnetothermal properties of coordination clusters that serve as magnetic refrigerants on account of the magnetocaloric effect. The documented molecular magnetic refrigerants are classified into two primary categories according to the types of metal centers, namely, homo- and heterometallic clusters. Every section is further divided into several subgroups based on the metal nuclearity and their dimensionalities, including discrete molecular clusters and those with extended structures constructed from molecular clusters. The objective is to present a rough overview of recent progress in coordination-cluster-based molecular magnetic refrigerants and provide a tutorial for researchers who are interested in the field.

Lanthanide(III)-Based Single-Ion Magnets

“…These include the challenges involved in their design and syntheses, understanding their physics, and harnessing their applications in many new technologically relevant areas. 3 The latter include high-energy density storage, 4 molecular spintronics, 4b,4c,5 quantum computation, 4a,4d,6 molecular refrigeration, 7 and so forth.…”

Lanthanide‐Based Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks for Proton Conduction and Magnetic Properties

“…[12] The magnetically isotropic nature of gadolinium ions makes them an absolute choice for fabricating magnetocaloric materials for ultra-low temperature refrigeration. [7,13] Magnetic refrigeration (or magnetocaloric effect) is a thermodynamic phenomenon generally characterized by the isothermal magnetic entropy change followed by an adiabatic decrease in temperature for an applied magnetic field. [14] In this regard, a number of LMOFs with rousing magnetic properties has been reported so far.…”

Gd(iii)-Based inorganic polymers, metal–organic frameworks and coordination polymers for magnetic refrigeration

“…23,24 In order to increase the magnetic density (which can be represented by the ratio of M w /N Gd , M w = molecular weight, N Gd = number of Gd III ions), inorganic and organic ligands with small molecular weight are better choices for constructing Gd(III)-based magnetic refrigerants with excellent performance. 4,18,25 In the past decades, such ligands have been widely used to construct target complexes, [25][26][27][28] as systems based on organic carboxylates with a small molecular weight exhibit strong coordination abilities, and many kinds of coordination modes have been studied. [29][30][31] To date, many Gd(III)-based inorganic polymers, MOFs, and CPs containing acetates, formats, and oxalates as well as sulfates, carbonates, nitrates, phosphates, and halides have been reported, with an increasing MCE chasing after the performance of Gd 3 Ga 5 -O 12 (GGG).…”