Coordinated Rotor Speed and Pitch Angle Control of Wind Turbines for Accurate and Efficient Frequency Response

Tu, Ganggang; Li, Yanjun; Xiang, Ji

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2021.3136822

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ECCS output impedance of the MMC can be obtained from the relationship between DC voltage disturbance ∆v dc and DC current response ∆i dc . Specifically, the output power of the ECCS on the DC side is given by P dc = v dc i dc (14) where P dc0 is the rated DC active power. Linearizing ( 14) obtains…”

Section: Side Impedance Of MMCmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the virtual inertia provided by the rotor kinetic energy mainly supports the grid during a short period after a fault, while the WTGS may even absorb power from the grid during the rotor speed recovery period, which will threaten the long-term frequency stability. To address this issue, power reserve control (PRC) can be employed to operate the WTGS away from the maximum power point, i.e., to reserve a certain amount of available output power to provide stable active power support when the frequency drops [14]. Considering the difference in operating wind speeds among different OWFs, the reserve power of WTGSs should be reasonably set according to the real-time maximum available power, and the additional power required for frequency regulation should also be manipulated fairly based on the operating status of each WTGS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency Support Control of Multi-Terminal Direct Current System Integrated Offshore Wind Farms Considering Direct Current Side Stability

Han

2023

Electronics

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The frequency stability of modern power systems is challenged due to widespread application of large-scale renewable energy systems, of which the offshore wind farm (OWF) is one of the dominant resources. The OWFs are usually integrated into the grid by multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) transmission systems, which makes the energy flow complicated and the frequency control design challenging. A frequency support control method of MTDC system integrated OWFs (referred to as the OWF-MTDC system) is proposed in this paper. First, the wind turbine generation system (WTGS) is controlled to reserve a certain amount of available power according to the real-time wind speed for more comprehensive frequency regulation. Then, the frequency support control of OWFs is designed, and they can release the rotor kinetic energy and reserved power to support the onshore grid frequency. In addition, the virtual inertia control of a modular multi-level converter (MMC) is designed, which can also provide frequency support in an emergency by use of the DC capacitor. To ensure that the frequency control of the OWF-MTDC system does not degrade the stability of the system, a detailed DC impedance model of the MMC-based MTDC systems is developed, considering the constant power control and DC voltage control. Based on the impedance model, the impact of the frequency control coefficients on the DC side stability of the MTDC system is analyzed. Simulation results validate the stability analysis and verify the proposed frequency control method, which can effectively provide frequency support to the onshore power grid.

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Section: Side Impedance Of MMCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Support Control of Multi-Terminal Direct Current System Integrated Offshore Wind Farms Considering Direct Current Side Stability

Han

2023

Electronics

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“…Under the pressure of environmental pollution and an energy crisis, the development and utilization of renewable energies have received more and more attention in the modern power system [1,2]. As WTGs are connected to the power grid through power electronic converters, they are decoupled from the power system and cannot provide frequency support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Virtual Synchronous Control Parameter for a Wind Turbine Generator Considering the Physical Constraint Boundary of Primary Frequency Regulation

et al. 2023

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The wind turbine generator participates in the primary frequency regulation of the power system by releasing kinetic energy from the rotor. It is necessary to ensure that the rotor speed and converter capacity are within the safe range during the frequency regulation process; otherwise, it will have serious negative effects on the frequency stability of the power system. As an important primary frequency regulation parameter, the dead zone affects the evaluation of the frequency regulation ability of WTG. Therefore, the influence of the dead zone should also be further considered. In order to evaluate the frequency regulation capability of wind turbine generators more comprehensively and accurately, this paper proposes an optimized method for the parameter of virtual synchronous control for wind turbine generators by considering the dead zone and physical constraint boundary of primary frequency regulation. After establishing the time domain expression by considering the frequency regulation dead zone, the real-time frequency regulation capacity of the wind turbine generator is quantified by considering the speed limit of the rotor and the capacity limit of the converter. Furthermore, the optimal value of the frequency regulation coefficient can be derived. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the frequency deviation and frequency change rate of the power system, which can also keep the response within the physical constraint boundary. Consequently, the proposed method can fully utilize the ability for frequency regulation of the wind power generation system and effectively improve the frequency stability of the power system.

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“…The power reserve control of WTGs is to decrease the wind power coefficient, usually, there are two ways to achieve it [11], [12], one is so-called rotor overspeed control (ROC), the other is so-called pitch angle control (PAC). In existing literatures, there are many possible coordination ways of ROC and PAC to achieve the power reserve control of WTGs [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. With respect to the coordination among WTGs, essentially, it is to allocate the power reserve of each WTG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Power Reserve Control of Wind Farm for Frequency Regulation

Chen

Yang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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With a higher wind power penetration level, the power system is facing more challenges in the aspects of active power balance and system frequency regulation. The power reserve control enables the wind farm (WF) to retain a certain available power as reserves, for participating in frequency regulation similarly to synchronous generators. In this paper, a coordinated power reserve control method of a WF for frequency regulation is proposed. By using the linear programming approach, the proposed method allocates the power reserve of each wind turbine generator (WTG) to maximize the kinetic energy of WTGs and minimize the blade pitch action of WTGs. A new coefficient to quantify the relation between the rotor speed variation and available power curtailment is defined for linear optimization. Based on the power reserve formed by the proposed method, the primary frequency control of a WF is achieved by determining the primary frequency control coefficients of WTGs. Finally, case studies based on EMTP-RV simulator are carried out to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can realize the power reserve control of a WF and improve the frequency regulation ability of a WF effectively.INDEX TERMS Coordinated power reserve control, frequency regulation, linear programming, rotor overspeeding control, pitch angle control, wind farm.

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Coordinated Rotor Speed and Pitch Angle Control of Wind Turbines for Accurate and Efficient Frequency Response

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Frequency Support Control of Multi-Terminal Direct Current System Integrated Offshore Wind Farms Considering Direct Current Side Stability

Frequency Support Control of Multi-Terminal Direct Current System Integrated Offshore Wind Farms Considering Direct Current Side Stability

Optimization of a Virtual Synchronous Control Parameter for a Wind Turbine Generator Considering the Physical Constraint Boundary of Primary Frequency Regulation

Coordinated Power Reserve Control of Wind Farm for Frequency Regulation

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