Coordinated Role of Nitric Oxide, Ethylene, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Plant Salt Stress Tolerance

Jahan, Badar; Rasheed, Faisal; Sehar, Zebus; Fatma, Mehar; Iqbal, Noushina; Masood, Asim; Anjum, Naser A.; Khan, Nafees A.

doi:10.3390/stresses1030014

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…Sulfur metabolism plays a vital role in the process of biological stress resistance. Sulfur has been reported to have essential functions in plants’ salt adaptation, active oxygen elimination, and heat adaptation ( Ali et al, 2021 ; Jahan et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2022 ), while cyanobacteria have a similar sulfur metabolism as plants ( Kharwar et al, 2021 ). Consistantly, sulfur metabolism-related genes were significantly up-regulated in WT and Syn7942/Δsps-ect compared to reference conditions ( Figures 5A , C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by heterologous synthesis of compatible solute ectoine

Dong

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Salt stress is one of the essential abiotic stresses for the survival of cyanobacteria. However, the realization of large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria is inseparable from the utilization of abundant seawater resources. Therefore, research on the regulatory mechanism, as well as the improvement of salt tolerance of cyanobacteria is fundamental. Ectoine, a compatible solute which was found in halophilic microorganisms, has potentiality to confer salt tolerance. Here in this article, the salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Syn7942) was significantly improved via expressing the ectoine biosynthetic pathway, reaching an increased final OD750 by 20% under 300 mM NaCl and 80% under 400 mM NaCl than that of wild-type (WT), respectively. Encouragingly, the engineered strain could even survive under 500 mM NaCl which was lethal to WT. In addition, by introducing the ectoine synthetic pathway into the sucrose-deficient strain, the salt tolerance of the obtained strain Syn7942/Δsps-ect was restored to the level of WT under 300 mM NaCl stress, demonstrating that ectoine could substitute for sucrose to combat against salt stress in Syn7942. In order to study the difference in the regulation of mechanism on the salt adaptation process after replacing sucrose with ectoine, transcriptomic analysis was performed for Syn7942/Δsps-ect and WT. The differentially expressed gene analysis successfully identified 19 up-regulated genes and 39 down-regulated genes in Syn7942/Δsps-ect compared with WT under salt stress condition. The results also showed that the global regulation of Syn7942/Δsps-ect and WT had certain differences in the process of salt adaptation, in which Syn7942/Δsps-ect reduced the demand for the intensity of sulfur metabolism in this process. This study provides a valuable reference for further salt tolerance engineering in cyanobacteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by heterologous synthesis of compatible solute ectoine

Dong

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Salinity disrupts ion homeostasis, leading to increased Na + and Cl − ion concentrations and inhibiting the uptake of K + ions in the cytosol of plant cells, thereby affecting cellular metabolism and decreasing the plants' tolerance to stress (Wu et al, 2018). Salt stress causes a rapid depolarization of the plasma membrane potential causing activation of voltage‐gated guard cell outward rectifying K + (GORK) channels, resulting in the efflux of K + ions (Jahan, Rasheed, et al, 2021). The present study showed that melatonin decreased Na + ions and increased K + ions in leaves under salt stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, soil salinization has become a major global challenge with its deleterious impacts on agricultural productivity (Peng et al, 2019). Plants grown on saline soil suffer from ion toxicity and exhibit increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and an impaired soil nitrogen (N) cycle (Jahan, Rasheed, et al, 2021;Khan & Hemalatha, 2016;Liu et al, 2018). Salt stress has a significant impact on photosynthesis (Zhang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of ethylene in melatonin‐modified photosynthetic‐N use efficiency and antioxidant activity to improve photosynthesis of salt grown wheat

Khan

Sehar

Fatma

et al. 2022

Physiologia Plantarum

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The involvement of melatonin in the regulation of salt stress acclimation has been shown in plants in this present work. We found that the GOAL cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was the most salt‐tolerant among the investigated cultivars, GOAL, HD‐2967, PBW‐17, PBW‐343, PBW‐550, and WH‐1105 when screened for tolerance to 100 mM NaCl. The application of 100 μM melatonin maximally reduced oxidative stress and improved photosynthesis in the cv. GOAL. Melatonin supplementation reduced salt stress‐induced oxidative stress by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced the glutathione (GSH) production. This resulted in increased membrane stability, photosynthetic‐N use efficiency and photosynthesis in plants. The application of 50 μM of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in the presence of melatonin and salt stress increased H2O2 content but reduced GR activity and GSH, photosynthesis, and plant dry mass. This signifies that melatonin‐mediated salt stress tolerance was related to ethylene synthesis as it improved antioxidant activity and photosynthesis of plants under salt stress. Thus, the interaction of melatonin and ethylene bears a prominent role in salt stress tolerance in wheat and can be used to develop salt tolerance in other crops.

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“…NO is considered a phytohormone for some authors [ 37 ] while other ones do not consider it as such since no specific receptors for NO have been identified [ 21 ]. The action of NO is mainly mediated with its roles through post-translational modifications, including tyrosine nitration, metal nitrosylation and S -nitrosylation [ 19 , 25 ].…”

Section: No and Gsno In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to mineral stresses, NO and/or GSNO have been implicated in several of them, including responses to heavy metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Cd or Al; Refs. [ 27 , 32 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]), to metalloids [ 62 ], to salinity [ 37 , 63 , 64 ] or to nutrient deficiencies (see below). In general, NO production increases in roots under several mineral stresses.…”

Section: Role Of No and Gsno In The Responses Of Plants To Mineral St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

NO Is Not the Same as GSNO in the Regulation of Fe Deficiency Responses by Dicot Plants

Romera

Rosal

Lucena

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Iron (Fe) is abundant in soils but with a poor availability for plants, especially in calcareous soils. To favor its acquisition, plants develop morphological and physiological responses, mainly in their roots, known as Fe deficiency responses. In dicot plants, the regulation of these responses is not totally known, but some hormones and signaling molecules, such as auxin, ethylene, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), have been involved in their activation. Most of these substances, including auxin, ethylene, GSH and NO, increase their production in Fe-deficient roots while GSNO, derived from GSH and NO, decreases its content. This paradoxical result could be explained with the increased expression and activity in Fe-deficient roots of the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) enzyme, which decomposes GSNO to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and NH3. The fact that NO content increases while GSNO decreases in Fe-deficient roots suggests that NO and GSNO do not play the same role in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses. This review is an update of the results supporting a role for NO, GSNO and GSNOR in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses. The possible roles of NO and GSNO are discussed by taking into account their mode of action through post-translational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation, and through their interactions with the hormones auxin and ethylene, directly related to the activation of morphological and physiological responses to Fe deficiency in dicot plants.

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Coordinated Role of Nitric Oxide, Ethylene, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Plant Salt Stress Tolerance

Cited by 26 publications

References 160 publications

Improved salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by heterologous synthesis of compatible solute ectoine

Improved salt tolerance of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by heterologous synthesis of compatible solute ectoine

Involvement of ethylene in melatonin‐modified photosynthetic‐N use efficiency and antioxidant activity to improve photosynthesis of salt grown wheat

NO Is Not the Same as GSNO in the Regulation of Fe Deficiency Responses by Dicot Plants

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