Coordinated expression of Hoxa2, Hoxd1 and Pax6 in the developing diencephalon

Lv, Wolf; Jm, Yeung; Doucette,; Aj, Nazarali

doi:10.1097/00001756-200102120-00030

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Specifically, PAX6/ pax6 expression has been documented in the alar plate of the diencephalon during development in various vertebrates such as: lamprey [Murakami et al, 2001;Derobert et al, 2002;Osorio et al, 2005]; shark [FerreiroGalve et al, 2008]; dogfish [Derobert et al, 2002;Ferreiro-Galve et al, 2008]; medaka [Kage et al, 2004]; zebrafish [Krauss et al, 1991;Macdonald et al, 1994;Hauptmann and Gerster, 2000;Hjorth and Key, 2001;Wullimann and Rink, 2001]; Xenopus [Moreno et al, 2008]; chick [Kawakami et al, 1997;Bell et al, 2001;Lim and Golden, 2002;Ferran et al, 2007]; mouse [Walther and Gruss, 1991;Stoykova and Gruss, 1994;Warren and Price, 1997;Mastick and Andrews, 2001;Wolf et al, 2001;Nural and Mastick, 2004;Manuel and Price, 2005;Ferran et al, 2008]; and humans [Gerard et al, 1995].…”

Section: Pax6 Expression In the Diencephalic Alar Plate Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAX6 Immunoreactivity in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of <i>Alligator</i> during Early Development

Pritz

Ruan

2009

Brain Behav Evol

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PAX6 expression was examined during early development of the diencephalon and midbrain of Alligator using an immunocytochemical methodology. These observations focused on the basal plate to determine whether diencephalic prosomere organization in this region followed a pattern previously identified for alar plate areas. PAX6 expression was also described in alar diencephalic regions and the adjacent midbrain. PAX6 (+) cells in the basal plate were first seen in prosomere 1 at stage 7, in the midbrain at stage 10, and lastly in prosomeres 2 and 3 at stage 11. By stage 12, a nearly continuous column of PAX6 (+) cells extended from the midbrain basal plate through the entire diencephalon. In the diencephalon, PAX6 (+) cells in the basal plate were of greatest number in prosomere 1, least in prosomere 2, and intermediate in prosomere 3. This pattern of PAX6 expression distinguished these individual basal plate prosomeres. These results indicate that basal plate prosomeres follow a pattern similar to alar plate prosomereric organization during the later stages of early diencephalon development. Over a comparable time period of early diencephalon development, similar observations have been made in chick basal plate. In Alligator and chick, PAX6 expression in the basal plate is similar in the midbrain and prosomere 1 but different in prosomeres 2 and 3: present in Alligator and absent in chick. In alar plate areas of the Alligator diencephalon, PAX6 expression follows a similar pattern to that described for chick and mouse. These similarities in PAX6 expression in alar diencephalic prosomeres suggest that this is a common feature of amniotes. Differential PAX6 expression in alar prosomere 1 and the midbrain in Alligator is similar to that described for a wide range of species which suggests that these features are common to all vertebrates.

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Section: Pax6 Expression In the Diencephalic Alar Plate Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAX6 Immunoreactivity in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of <i>Alligator</i> during Early Development

Pritz

Ruan

2009

Brain Behav Evol

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“…In the hindbrain, Hoxa2 rostral expression boundary maps to the r1/r2 interface, beyond the Hoxa1 boundary (r4) (Prince and Lumsden, 1994;reviewed in Krumlauf, 1993). At later stages of development Hoxa2 appears to be expressed in the diencephalon and the forebrain (Tan et al, 1992;Wolf et al, 2001). Although members of paralogy 1 and 2 do not follow strict colinearity, members of paralogy groups 3 and 4 from clusters A, B, and D share rostral boundaries at r4/r5 and r6/r7, respectively (reviewed in Krumlauf, 1993;Krumlauf et al, 1993;Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996).…”

Section: Expression Of Hox Genes In the Developing Hindbrain And Spinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hox Genes and Their Candidate Downstream Targets in the Developing Central Nervous System

Akin

Nazarali

2005

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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1. Homeobox (Hox) genes were originally discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila, where they function through a conserved homeodomain as transcriptional regulators to control embryonic morphogenesis. Since then over 1000 homeodomain proteins have been identified in several species. In vertebrates, 39 Hox genes have been identified as homologs of the original Drosophila complex, and like their Drosophila counterparts they are organized within chromosomal clusters. Vertebrate Hox genes have also been shown to play a critical role in embryonic development as transcriptional regulators. 2. Both the Drosophila and vertebrate Hox genes have been shown to interact with various cofactors, such as the TALE homeodomain proteins, in recognition of consensus sequences within regulatory elements of their target genes. These protein-protein interactions are believed to contribute to enhancing the specificity of target gene recognition in a cell-type or tissue- dependent manner. The regulatory activity of a particular Hox protein on a specific regulatory element is highly variable and dependent on its interacting partners within the transcriptional complex. 3. In vertebrates, Hox genes display spatially restricted patterns of expression within the developing CNS, both along the anterioposterior and dorsoventral axis of the embryo. Their restricted gene expression is suggestive of a regulatory role in patterning of the CNS, as well as in cell specification. Determining the precise function of individual Hox genes in CNS morphogenesis through classical mutational analyses is complicated due to functional redundancy between Hox genes. 4. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which Hox genes mediate embryonic morphogenesis requires the identification of their downstream target genes. Although Hox genes have been implicated in the regulation of several pathways, few target genes have been shown to be under their direct regulatory control. Development of methodologies used for the isolation of target genes and for the analysis of putative targets will be beneficial in establishing the genetic pathways controlled by Hox factors. 5. Within the developing CNS various cell adhesion molecules and signaling molecules have been identified as candidate downstream target genes of Hox proteins. These targets play a role in processes such as cell migration and differentiation, and are implicated in contributing to neuronal processes such as plasticity and/or specification. Hence, Hox genes not only play a role in patterning of the CNS during early development, but may also contribute to cell specification and identity.

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“…21 HOXD1 is a member of the HOXD cluster and is involved in specifying the cytoarchitecture of the developing diencephalon. 22 The NEUROD1 gene encodes for a basic helix-loophelix (bHLH) transcription factor widely expressed during development in the mammalian brain and pancreas. NeuroD1 knockout mice display a malformation of the dentate gyrus, one of the principal structures of the hippocampus, and exhibit spontaneous limbic seizures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Screening of nine candidate genes for autism on chromosome 2q reveals rare nonsynonymous variants in the cAMP-GEFII gene

et al. 2003

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The results from several genome scans indicate that chromosome 2q21-q33 is likely to contain an autism susceptibility locus. We studied the potential contribution of nine positional and functional candidate genes: TBR-1; GAD1; DLX1; DLX2; cAMP-GEFII; CHN1; ATF2; HOXD1 and NEUROD1. Screening these genes for DNA variants and association analysis using intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms did not provide evidence for a major role in the aetiology of autism. Four rare nonsynonymous variants were identified, however, in the cAMP-GEFII gene. These variants were present in five families, where they segregate with the autistic phenotype, and were not observed in control individuals. The significance of these variants is unclear, as their low frequency in IMGSAC families does not account for the relatively strong linkage signal at the 2q locus. Further studies are needed to clarify the contribution of cAMP-GEFII gene variants to autism susceptibility. Molecular Psychiatry (2003) 8, 916-924.

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Coordinated expression of Hoxa2, Hoxd1 and Pax6 in the developing diencephalon

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

PAX6 Immunoreactivity in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of <i>Alligator</i> during Early Development

PAX6 Immunoreactivity in the Diencephalon and Midbrain of <i>Alligator</i> during Early Development

Hox Genes and Their Candidate Downstream Targets in the Developing Central Nervous System

Screening of nine candidate genes for autism on chromosome 2q reveals rare nonsynonymous variants in the cAMP-GEFII gene

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