Coordinated Control of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Improving the Capability of Frequency Regulation and State-of-Charge Management

Abstract

The paper proposes a coordinated operation method of two independent storages for managing state-of-charge (SOC) and for providing ancillary service concerning frequency regulation (FR); furthermore, this article also introduces the power allocation scheme between two storages in consideration of the coverage of the frequency band for each storage along with the SOC management scheme of the supercapacitor and battery. We also provide a guideline for the storage sizing on the basis of the smoothing time constant. Additionally, we verify the advantage of the HESS in extending the lifetime of the battery, which is estimated by a real-time state-of-health (SOH) calculation method. The Bode plot of the proposed method is analyzed to observe the power spectrum coverage in the frequency domain through the case studies using PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB.

A SOC-feedback Control Scheme for Fast Frequency Support with Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitor Storage System

“…This paper proposes a new control scheme that is able to provide fast frequency regulation and SI with HESS, such as batteries and supercapacitors, by modifying the exchanged active power according to the state of charge. Similar studies, as the ones in [14]- [16] where a SOC feedback method (SOCFM) is discussed, adopts SOC feedback to translate the f-P characteristic of the ESS according to its state of charge. However, such methods can only be applied to schemes that control ESS active power with a frequency-proportional control law (as in primary regulation control).…”

Operation Orchestration of Local Energy Communities through Digital Twin: A Review on suitable Modeling and Simulation Approaches

“…FERs, including BESS, plug-in EVs, thermal (TESS) and hydrogen (HESS) energy storage systems, are essential components for flexible and reliable operations of LECs. Typically, BESS [23], [24] and storage system of EVs [25] can be modeled as (nonlinear or linear) equivalent circuit model [26], or electrochemical model in term of their state of charge [27]. Similar to BESS, TESS and HESS can be modeled in term of thermal balance [28] and level of stored hydrogen [29], respectively.…”

Network-aware operational strategies to provide (flexibility) services from Local Energy Community

“…Equation (9) shows that the constraint of the average power flow exchanged to the upstream grid should be less than the capacity limitation in the contract between LEC and DSO + P f l,dn )…”