“…Thus, we can estimate how the numerical model is appropriately working by seeing the reproducibility of ionospheric disturbances. As ionospheric disturbances, REPPU code reproduces the quiet arc after the southward turning of the IMF (Tanaka, 2015;, the initial brightening at the substorm onset (Ebihara & Tanaka, 2015a;Tanaka, 2015;, equatorial counter electrojet after the substorm onset (Ebihara et al, 2014), the westward traveling surge (Ebihara & Tanaka, 2015b;Ebihara & Tanaka, 2017b), the Sun-aligned arc under the northward IMF (Tanaka, Obara, et al, 2017), and the theta aurora (Tanaka et al, 2004(Tanaka et al, , 2018 quite similarly to observations. In all cases, the reproducibility of the ionospheric features outperforms other global models.…”