Cooperative Virus-Virus Interactions: An Evolutionary Perspective

Segredo-Otero, Ernesto; Sanjuán, Rafael

doi:10.34133/2022/9819272

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…As expected, more evidence is needed to confirm this surmise. Furthermore, there is substantial evidence indicating that interactions between viruses themselves are widespread 46 – 49 . When multiple viruses co-infect a single host, they can establish indirect interactions that alter host susceptibility, modify or suppress interferon response, or affect immune cell activation 50 , thereby avoiding superinfection 51 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into phage-bacteria interaction in cold seep Gigantidas platifrons through metagenomics and transcriptome analyses

Zhang,

Chen,

Lian

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Viruses are crucial for regulating deep-sea microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles. However, their roles are still less characterized in deep-sea holobionts. Bathymodioline mussels are endemic species inhabiting cold seeps and harboring endosymbionts in gill epithelial cells for nutrition. This study unveiled a diverse array of viruses in the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons mussels and analyzed the viral metagenome and transcriptome from the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons mussels collected from a cold seep in the South Sea. The mussel gills contained various viruses including Baculoviridae, Rountreeviridae, Myoviridae and Siphovirdae, but the active viromes were Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Podoviridae belonging to the order Caudovirales. The overall viral community structure showed significant variation among environments with different methane concentrations. Transcriptome analysis indicated high expression of viral structural genes, integrase, and restriction endonuclease genes in a high methane concentration environment, suggesting frequent virus infection and replication. Furthermore, two viruses (GP-phage-contig14 and GP-phage-contig72) interacted with Gigantidas platifrons methanotrophic gill symbionts (bathymodiolin mussels host intracellular methanotrophic Gammaproteobacteria in their gills), showing high expression levels, and have huge different expression in different methane concentrations. Additionally, single-stranded DNA viruses may play a potential auxiliary role in the virus–host interaction using indirect bioinformatics methods. Moreover, the Cro and DNA methylase genes had phylogenetic similarity between the virus and Gigantidas platifrons methanotrophic gill symbionts. This study also explored a variety of viruses in the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons and revealed that bacteria interacted with the viruses during the symbiosis with Gigantidas platifrons. This study provides fundamental insights into the interplay of microorganisms within Gigantidas platifrons mussels in deep sea.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into phage-bacteria interaction in cold seep Gigantidas platifrons through metagenomics and transcriptome analyses

Zhang,

Chen,

Lian

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…For the substrate equation (2), we use a simple logistic growth model with growth rate σ and carrying capacity K B . Since viral replication is proportional to the substrate consumption and cooperative in nature 2;16;30 , the viral cooperative interaction appears in both the substrate consumption term of equation (2) and the virus production term of equation equation (3). This latter term is reduced by a factor (1 + r T T ) −1 to reflect the anti-viral properties of anthocyanin 17;12;1;31 .…”

Section: Building the Tbv Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Tulip Breaking Virus Creates Striped Tulips

Wong,

Carrero,

Hillen

2024

Preprint

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The beauty of tulips has enchanted mankind for centuries. The striped variety has attracted particular attention for its intricate and unpredictable patterns. A good understanding of the mechanism that drives the striped pattern formation of thebroken tulipshas been missing since the 17th century. It is known since 1928 that these patterned tulips suffer from a viral infection by thetulip breaking virus. Here, we present a mathematical model to understand how a virus infection of the petals can lead to stripes, thereby solving a 350 year old mystery. The model, which describes the viral inhibition of pigment expression (anthocyanins) and their interaction with viral reproduction, incorporates a pattern formation mechanism identified as anactivator-substratemechanism, similar to the well-known Turing instability, working together with a Wolpert’s positional information mechanism. The model is solved on a growing tulip petal shaped domain, whereby we introduce a new method to describe the tulip petal growth explicitly. This work contributes to the theory of pattern formation of reaction-diffusion systems on growing domains applied to the fields of virology and botany.

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“…Because multiple viruses can interact with each other within a host, and each may independently alter the relationship between the virus’s primary and secondary hosts, determining the nature and net outcome of a symbiosis may require considering multiple scales of host nestedness along with simultaneous, interdependent interactions ( Fig 2 ) [ 27 ]. Coinfection (i.e., the infection of a host by multiple pathogens) of bacterial hosts by multiple phages may affect up to half of all bacterial cells [ 7 , 28 ], and novel, complex virus–virus interactions are being actively discovered [ 29 , 30 ]. For example, virophages are viruses of the Lavidaviridae family that infect giant viruses, which in turn infect microbial eukaryotes (protists) with varied fitness effects on the primary and secondary hosts [ 31 ].…”

Section: Ecology’s Nesting Doll Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond pathogenesis: Detecting the full spectrum of ecological interactions in the virosphere

2023

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The public perception of viruses has historically been negative. We are now at a stage where the development of tools to study viruses is at an all-time high, but society’s perception of viruses is at an all-time low. The literature regarding viral interactions has been skewed towards negative (i.e., pathogenic) symbioses, whereas viral mutualisms remain relatively underexplored. Viral interactions with their hosts are complex and some non-pathogenic viruses could have potential benefits to society. However, viral research is seldom designed to identify viral mutualists, a gap that merits considering new experimental designs. Determining whether antagonisms, mutualisms, and commensalisms are equally common ecological strategies requires more balanced research efforts that characterize the full spectrum of viral interactions.

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Cooperative Virus-Virus Interactions: An Evolutionary Perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 122 publications

Insights into phage-bacteria interaction in cold seep Gigantidas platifrons through metagenomics and transcriptome analyses

Insights into phage-bacteria interaction in cold seep Gigantidas platifrons through metagenomics and transcriptome analyses

How the Tulip Breaking Virus Creates Striped Tulips

Beyond pathogenesis: Detecting the full spectrum of ecological interactions in the virosphere

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