Cooperative Synthetic Inertia Control for Wind Farms Considering Frequency Regulation Capability

Shi, Qiaoming; Liu, Lei; Wang, Yongping; Zou, Qiang; Qing-wu, Zhang; Liu, Hongqing

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.738857

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Equation ( 6) expresses the inertial response principle of an SG unit [30,31], where ∆T e , T m , and T e are the electromagnetic torque increment, mechanical torque, and electromagnetic torque of the SG, respectively, and H g represents the inertial time constant, f is the system frequency, ∆P e is the electromagnetic power increment, and superscript * indicates the per-unit value. Methods for controlling the virtual inertia of DFIG units include the P-D algorithm, curveshifting method, and FFR; among these, the frequency regulation characteristics of the P-D algorithm are most similar to those of SG units, as shown by Equation (7) [32]. However, the inertia coefficient k df and the droop coefficient k pf of the traditional P-D algorithm are usually fixed and cannot follow the wind speed or different frequency-regulated stages to produce changes.…”

Section: Quantization Of Virtual Inertia At the Dfig Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-Storage Combined Virtual Inertial Control Based on Quantization and Regulation Decoupling of Active Power Increments

2022

Energies

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With the increasing proportion of wind turbines in power grids, they are required to have capabilities of active and efficient virtual inertial response to maintain grid frequency stability. However, the virtual inertial control methods currently used in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) units suffer from a secondary frequency drop (SFD) problem. Although the SFD can be inhibited by reducing the active power support strength of the DFIG units during inertia response, it will undoubtedly weaken the virtual inertia of the units. Therefore, how to eliminate the SFD while increasing the virtual inertia of the units is a worthy issue for studying. To solve this issue, a wind-storage combined virtual inertial control system based on quantization and regulation decoupling of active power increments is proposed in this paper. First, by setting the parameters of a proportional–differential (P-D) algorithm, the total active power increments required for virtual inertial response are quantified at the DFIG level. Secondly, a curve-shifting method based on the rate of change of frequency is adopted to adjust the active power output of the DFIG units. Finally, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is used to compensate for the power shortages of the units according to the quantized value of the active power increments. Simulations show that the control method can not only eliminate SFD but also effectively increase the system’s virtual inertia.

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Section: Quantization Of Virtual Inertia At the Dfig Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-Storage Combined Virtual Inertial Control Based on Quantization and Regulation Decoupling of Active Power Increments

2022

Energies

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“…Fang et al (2017), Choi et al (2019) and Xuekuan et al (2021) proposed an adaptive emergency frequency control strategy for battery energy storage systems. Shi et al (2021) and Wei et al (2023) uses wind farms to support emergency frequency control of power systems. Changgang et al (2020) studies the method of adaptive load shedding in emergency frequency control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency frequency control strategy of distribution system based on the coordination of multi-resource

Shen,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Introduction: The urban distribution system plays a crucial role in efficient power distribution within urban areas. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events in recent years pose significant challenges to the reliable operation of urban distribution systems. While extensive research focuses on emergency frequency control strategies for large-scale power grids, there is a need for targeted attention to address the emergency frequency control challenges arising when the urban distribution system becomes isolated from the superior power grid due to extreme events.Methods: This paper aims to enhance the system's resilience to extreme events by investigating the coordinated regulation of various resources within the urban distribution system. The studied resources include synchronous generators, wind farms, battery energy storage systems, temperature control loads, and conventional load resources. A reduced-order model for the multi-resource system’s frequency response is established. Analytical expressions for key parameters, including the lowest system frequency, lowest point time, and quasi-steady state frequency, are derived.Results: To address the challenge of multi-resource coordinated regulation, an emergency frequency control strategy is proposed. This strategy takes into account the system safety frequency constraint, resource control amount constraint, and line power flow constraint. Simulations are conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink platform, considering IEEE 13 bus and IEEE 33 bus distribution systems as test cases.Discussion: Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in regulating the distribution system's resources, ensuring that the lowest frequency remains within the safety threshold of 49.8 Hz. Moreover, the proposed method minimizes control costs and limits load shedding, thereby fully leveraging the capabilities of diverse resources in the urban distribution system. This research contributes valuable insights into addressing emergency frequency control challenges in urban distribution systems during extreme events.

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“…This means that the high wind power penetration increases the possibility for activation the relays and inactivation of SFR. To solve this, additional defense plans should be deployed, e.g., interruptible loads, energy storage systems, and quickstarting generators (Eto et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2021); nevertheless, these plans require additional investments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Frequency Stability Support of a DFIG in Association With Pitch Angle Control

Si¹,

You³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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For an electric power grid that has large penetration levels of variable renewable energy including wind generation and photovoltaics, the system frequency stability is jeopardized, which is manifest in lowering frequency nadir and settling frequency. This paper suggests an enhanced primary frequency response strategy of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in association with pitch angle control. The DFIG works in de-loaded operation with a certain reserve power via pitch angle control prior to disturbances for frequency regulation. To address this, a function of the pitch angle is employed that decreases the pitch angle with time to slowly feed the active power to the power gird. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed primary frequency response strategy including the settling frequency and frequency nadir.

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Cooperative Synthetic Inertia Control for Wind Farms Considering Frequency Regulation Capability

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Wind-Storage Combined Virtual Inertial Control Based on Quantization and Regulation Decoupling of Active Power Increments

Wind-Storage Combined Virtual Inertial Control Based on Quantization and Regulation Decoupling of Active Power Increments

Emergency frequency control strategy of distribution system based on the coordination of multi-resource

Primary Frequency Stability Support of a DFIG in Association With Pitch Angle Control

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