Cooperative Research to Optimize Heat Treating Process Condition by Computer Based Technology

Watanabe, Youichi; Ju, Dong Ying; Shichino, Hayato; Okamura, Kazuo; Narazaki, Michiharu; Kanamori, Hideo; Ichitani, Katsumi; Inoue, Tatsuo

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.349

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Based on the first law of thermodynamics, according to the law of conservation of energy, the increment of internal energy is equal to the sum of the thermal energy transferred by the phase change, the work done, and the latent heat of the phase change [13,15]. The physical Equation can be expressed as Equation (3):…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to predict the diffusion, heat transfer, phase change behavior, and inelastic stress/strain behavior during carburizing quenching by numerical simulation, Inoue and Ju proposed the metallo-thermo-mechanics theory and a numerical simulation method based on multi-field coupling [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The theory and the numerical simulation method provide the basis for the prediction of quench distortion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Distortion of the Bearing Rings after Quenching

Liu

Cao

et al. 2023

Coatings

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Bearings are usually used at high-speed and high-load conditions, so the bearing sleeve must be able to withstand large contact stress, which requires heat treatment. However, during the quenching process of the bearing sleeve, a vapor film is formed on the surface. Since the vapor film is not uniform along the axial direction during the process of boiling and breaking, it will cause uneven distortion of the bearing sleeve. This uneven distortion will cause the outer ring of the bearing to have elliptical distortion after heat treatment. However, the mechanism of this problem and how to reduce the elliptical distortion has not been completely solved. In this paper, two points on the inner wall and outer wall of the bearing sleeve in the orthogonal direction are measured by means of experiments, and the mechanism of the ellipticity distortion during the quenching process is revealed. Additionally, through its horizontal placement, oblique placement, and vertical placement, the cooling curve and cooling rate curve changes in the process of entering the quenching agent are studied; based on the cooling curve, the heat transfer coefficient of the bearing sleeve during quenching is obtained by the heat transfer equation. Input the heat transfer coefficient into the CAE heat treatment simulation software COSMAP, according to the Metallo-Thermo-Mechanics theory and the method of multi-field coupling, simulating the quenching process of GCr15 and 16MnCr5 materials. By comparison, the ellipticity value of the bearing placed at a 45° angle is smaller than that of the horizontally and vertically placed bearings, with the 16MnCr5 material having the smallest ellipticity value of 0.00016. The simulation results verified the distortion mechanism of the bearing sleeve during the quenching process and how to reduce the solution of elliptical distortion.

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Section: Numerical Simulation Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Distortion of the Bearing Rings after Quenching

Liu

Cao

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…Based on the first law of thermodynamics, the conservation of energy, the increment of internal energy is equal to the sum of the heat energy transferred, the work done and the latent heat of phase transformation. The physical equation can be formulated [7][8][9][10] as:…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Professor Inoue and Ju put forward the phase transition mechanics theory and developed heat-treatment simulation software (COSMAP) with a multi-field coupled function, according to the theory [5]. In recent years, COSMAP has been applied to solve many types of heat-treatment engineering problems [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Xusheng Li et al simulated a steel gear model based on the measured phase-change plasticity parameters and the metal-thermal-mechanical theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of the Non-Axisymmetric Deformation Mechanism of Bearing Rings after Quenched in a Multi-Field Coupled Simulation

Liu

et al. 2022

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In this paper, the elliptical deformation mechanism of the bearing ring after quenching has been studied by using the theory of “metal-thermal-mechanical” and the multi-field coupling simulation method. It has been mainly considered that it occurred as an experimental phenomenon in the past that, when the bearing ring had been oil quenched, a vapor film had usually formed on its surface, and the breakage and boiling of the vapor film had been observed to be uneven in a circumferential direction. For this reason, based on the phase transition kinetics, several types of heat transfer boundary conditions on the outer surface of bearing rings during oil quenching have been assumed, and the multi-field coupled simulation of the quenching process of bearing rings has been carried out in this paper. According to the simulation results, it could be concluded that when two different heat transfer boundary conditions have been set on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring in the form of orthogonal symmetry, the quenched bearing outer ring would produce elliptical deformation. The above simulation results have been basically verified by comparing the experimental results.

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“…As reported in the literature, the database can predict hardness, displacement, and residual stress after quench with good accuracy. [30][31][32][33] For aluminum alloy quench simulation, some researchers were interested in the distribution and magnitude of quench residual stress after quenching while the others investigated the parameters that affect residual stress and stress reduction. 4,[21][22][23][24]34 Part geometry and quench temperature has been proved to have a strong influence on residual stress distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FEM simulation and experimental study on the quenching residual stress of aluminum alloy 2024

Zhang

Xiao

Li³

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Finite element models were established to simulate the quenching processes of aluminum alloy 2024 blocks under different quenching conditions. The surface cooling curves of aluminum blocks in different quench media were obtained by experiment. Inverse heat-transfer calculations were applied to determine the heat-transfer coefficient curves. Finite element model was used to predict residual stresses developed after quenching process by quenching aluminum blocks with different thicknesses (20 mm 4 d 470 mm) into two kinds of quenchants (water and polyalkylene glycol solution). The influence of block thickness and quenchant on residual stresses was investigated by both finite element method simulation and experiments. To validate the simulation results, the X-ray diffraction method was used to measure the residual stresses developed in aluminum alloy 2024 blocks after quenching process. The agreement between model and experiment was good. It was concluded that both block thickness and quench media had critical influences on residual stresses. When the thickness of the aluminum block increased from 20 to 50 mm, the residual stress value at the center of the block increased by 100% and the increase of the residual stress became insignificant after 50 mm. In d = 20 and 30 mm cases, polyalkylene glycol quench conditions were proved to cause lower levels of residual stress than water quench conditions.

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Cooperative Research to Optimize Heat Treating Process Condition by Computer Based Technology

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Analysis of the Distortion of the Bearing Rings after Quenching

Analysis of the Distortion of the Bearing Rings after Quenching

Verification of the Non-Axisymmetric Deformation Mechanism of Bearing Rings after Quenched in a Multi-Field Coupled Simulation

FEM simulation and experimental study on the quenching residual stress of aluminum alloy 2024

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