Cooperative Protocols Design for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks with Multi-hop Routing

Abstract

Wireless ad-hoc networks can experience significant performance degradation under fading channels. Diversity through space has been shown to be an effective way of combating wireless fading with the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technique by transmitting correlated information through multiple antennas. The virtual MIMO technique, which allows multiple wireless stations with single antenna to form a virtual transmission array, is shown to be a viable solution from several recent studies. In this paper, we propose a complete system framework for wireless ad-hoc networks utilizing two different cooperative relaying techniques at the physical layer: the repetition coding and the space-time coding. In the data link layer, two medium access control protocols are proposed to accommodate the corresponding physical layer cooperative diversity schemes. In the network layer, diversity-aware routing protocols are proposed to determine the routing path and the relaying topology. Simulations results show significant performance gains of the proposed cooperative relaying schemes.

Distributed multi-hop cooperative communication in dense wireless sensor networks

“…Cooperative issues across the different layers of the communication protocol stack, self-interested behaviors and possible misbehaviors are explored in [10]. Reference [11] proposed a cooperative relay framework which accommodates the physical, medium access control (MAC) and network layers for wireless ad hoc networks. In the network layer, diversity gains can be achieved by selecting two cooperative relays based on the average link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the two-hop neighborhood information.…”

A collaborative multi-hop routing algorithm for maximum achievable rate

“…8 indicates that after clustering the nodes in the network with 20 network nodes, CCMR successfully builds the path {2, 7, 12, 3, 20, 6, 17} from source node 2 to destination node 17. Nodes 19,18,8,9,4,13,16,11 and 14 are collaborative ones that cooperate with transmission nodes 2, 7, 12, 3, 20, and 6. From Fig.…”

“…9 shows that CCMR exploits clustering and collaboration to create effectively the path {1, 24, 5, 10, 18, 23, 11} from source node 1 to destination node 11 the nodes in the network with 25 network nodes. Nodes 16,13,19,3,25,6,4,14,15,20,12,and 9 are collaborative ones that cooperate with transmission nodes 1, 24, 5, 10, 18, and 23. Fig.…”

“…In [3], the routing and scheduling methods of optimal throughputs in multi-hop wireless networks are investigated, and some routing policies of optimal throughputs are proposed. Collaborative relaying schemes are presented in [4] to achieve the cooperative diversity of the physical layer. A hybrid multi-hop routing algorithm via mixing flat multi-hop routing and hierarchical multi-hop routing is studied [5].…”

Cross-layer cooperative routing for vehicular networks

“…In wireless ad-hoc network under a slow Rayleigh fading channel, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) γ is a random variable with the probability density function [8] [21]:…”