Cooperative primary–secondary dynamic spectrum leasing game via decentralized bargaining

Abstract

Dynamic spectrum leasing (DSL) has been proposed as a solution for better spectrum utilization. Most of the work focused on non-cooperative game to model primary/secondary users interactions in DSL approach. Some others introduced cooperative game just for secondary users (SUs). In this paper, both primary users (PUs) and SUs incentives and level of satisfactions are considered. Nash bargaining is developed with both PUs and SUs as bargainers. A simple pricing approach is introduced which makes the proposed method practically feasible. On one hand, SUs adjust their power regarding to price and tolerable interference which are announced by PU. On the other hand, PU adjusts its tolerable interference to maximize its profit. Simulation results verify the viability of proposed method.

Joint spectrum allocation and energy harvesting optimization in green powered heterogeneous cognitive radio networks

“…Meanwhile, with respect to the iteration index, the step sizes α t , β t , π t , ψ t , and η t tend to zero. Thus, the conditions comply the convergence of dual variables to their corresponding dual optimal solutions [39], [40].…”

Efficient spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks: Disjoint secondary user selection and protocol selective relaying

“…They involve primary and secondary users as players of the game, each of which has its defined utility function. In , a game theoretic approach is presented where incentives of both primary users and secondary users and their levels of satisfaction are considered. To solve the problem, Nash bargaining is developed with both primary and secondary users through which the secondary users adjust their power and tolerable interference announced by the primary user adjusting its tolerable interference to maximise its profit.…”

“…There are some related underlay‐based works, that is, with simultaneous primary and secondary access under interference constraints that use more than one secondary user in the entire process, one(s) for cooperation and the other(s) for secondary transmission . However, to the best of our knowledge, in almost all of the overlay‐based schemes, the picked secondary user for primary data relaying is the favorite user for the released spectrum.…”