“…Cooperative learning aims to let students achieve academic and social goals based on role division (Johnson, 2009; Law, 2014; Svechkarev and Grygorovych, 2016) or accountability towards individually assigned tasks (de Beer and Petersen, 2017), rewards (Johnson, 2009; Sears and Pai, 2012; Slavin, 2015; Unrau et al, 2015) and sometimes competition between groups (Slavin, 2015; Svechkarev and Grygorovych, 2016; Williams and Sheridan, 2010). In many South East Asian countries, where the authors have been collaborating with teachers, cooperative learning has been introduced, such as in Indonesia (Harjanto et al, 2017; Khong et al, 2017), Singapore (Jacobs and Renandya, 2019; Koh et al, 2007), Thailand (Kijkuakul, 2019) and Vietnam (Nguyen-Phuong-Mai, 2018; Nguyen-Phuong-Mai et al, 2012).…”