Cooperative Full-Duplex V2V-VLC in Rectilinear and Curved Roadway Scenarios

Abstract

<jats:p>We study here the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) visible light communication (VLC) between two cars moving along different roadway scenarios: (i) a multiple-lane rectilinear roadway and (ii) a multiple-lane curvilinear roadway. Special emphasis was given to the implementation of full-duplex (FD) cooperative communication protocols to avoid communication disruption in the absence of a line-of-sight (LOS) channel. Importantly, we found that the cooperative FD V2V-VLC is promising for avoiding communication disruptions for cars traveling in realistic curvilinear roadways. Results in this work can be easily extended to the case of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), which can also be promising in cases of low-car-density environments.</jats:p>

Evaluation of Misalignment Effect in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Experimental Demonstration of a 75 Meters Link

“…Another very important aspect that results from the experimental tests is related to the fact that the VLC technology is able to provide V2V connectivity, even in vehicle misalignment conditions. Although the issues related to the effect of vehicle misalignment on V2V VLC performances have been theoretically analyzed in other works [ 49 , 50 , 57 , 58 ], this is the first work that provides a consistent experimental evaluation of such a scenario, while providing a step by step comparison with the case when the vehicles are aligned. The authors of [ 44 ] provide a highly valuable experimental demonstration of a V2V VLC link in mobile conditions, and identify the distance and the incidence angle as the two main problems affecting the performances of such connections.…”

“…The efficacy of this method has been intensively investigated in indoor VLC applications [ 18 , 19 ]. This solution has also been found to be suitable in inter-vehicle applications and the results showed that the connectivity on curved roads can be improved with the help of a relay vehicle [ 58 ]. Experimental demonstrations of the usage of relay-assisted VLC in vehicular applications are available in [ 68 , 69 ].…”

“…For instance, the authors of [ 57 ] propose the usage of a lane-centering (LC) technique that maintains the vehicles aligned in the middle of the lane, helping in this way to maintain the connectivity of the V2V VLC link. The problem of vehicle misalignment was also addressed in [ 58 ]. In this case, the authors focused on the case when the misalignment is caused by the vehicle trajectory at curved sections of the road.…”

“…To overcome this issue, the authors propose the usage of relay-assisted communications supported by an intermediate vehicle. Although the analysis provided by [ 58 ] is interesting, it should be mentioned that the analyzed scenario is based on a Lambertian radiation pattern and not on a real vehicle light distribution pattern, which can have a great impact on the final result, as demonstrated in [ 59 ] and in [ 60 ].…”

Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC

“…For indoor applications, there exists a wide variety of applications, such as extending the capacity and complementing the radio frequency (RF) systems [ 5 ], positioning and resource monitoring [ 6 , 7 ], intruder detection [ 8 ] or providing coverage where RF transmission is not allowed [ 9 ], among others. Outdoor VLC applications comprise vehicle-to-vehicle communications [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] or some trials and analysis for long distance transmission [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In this context, VLC have been standardized as 802.15.7 [ 16 ], and considering their integration in the IP network, usually referred to as light fidelity (LiFi), under the standard 802.11 bb [ 17 ].…”