Cooperative Federalism and Fair Housing Enforcement<sup>*</sup>

Bullock, Charles S.; Lamb, Charles M.; Wilk, Eric M.

doi:10.1111/ssqu.12451

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Table 2 column (c) confirms previous research that found local agencies are more likely than HUD to provide outcomes favorable to Title VIII complainants, whereas state bureaucracies are less likely to do so (Bullock, Lamb, and Wilk, 2018). But columns (a) and (b) suggest that this agency's effect differs to a degree for Latinos and African Americans.…”

Section: State Racial and Ethnic Compositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…This means that all three levels of government are handling identical types of complaints, thus facilitating our ability to assess whether federal, state, or local agencies have the highest favorable outcome rates. Over time the share of Title VIII complaints that state and local governments process and close has increased (Bullock, Lamb, and Wilk, 2018). Research has found that the level of agency processing claims influences Title VIII outcomes and that local agencies are most likely to process outcomes favorable to the complainant (Wilk and Lamb, 2011).…”

Section: Data Variables and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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African American and Latino discrimination complaints: comparing volume and outcomes

Bullock

Lamb

Wilk

2021

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective: Research has investigatedracial and ethnic discrimination in America without examining discrimination complaints or focusing on housing. To help fill this void, we explore volume and outcomes in Fair Housing Act complaints filed by African Americans and Latinos between 1989 and 2010 in order to compare enforcement by federal, state, and local civil rights agencies. Methods: Relying on data obtained from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), we test a multivariate fixed effects logistic regression model. Results: First, the data show that African Americans are more likely to file complaints than Latinos, but Latinos are slightly more likely to receive favorable outcomes. Second, an increased number of complaints filed per state capita by each group significantly increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome, but this effect is much smaller and weaker for African Americans than for Latinos. Third, local agencies are significantly more likely to provide favorable outcomes for Latinos than are federal or state agencies. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate that favorable outcome rates for African Americans are more stable than those for Latinos and that independent variables such as agency caseload and level of government agency produce much greater variance in the favorability rates for Latinos as compared to African Americans.

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Section: State Racial and Ethnic Compositionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Data Variables and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African American and Latino discrimination complaints: comparing volume and outcomes

Bullock

Lamb

Wilk

2021

Social Science Quarterly

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“…HUD implements federal fair housing policy by investigating, conciliating, and closing Title VIII complaints. State and local civil rights agencies that assist in Title VIII enforcement under HUD’s Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) use a similar process (Bullock, Lamb, and Wilk 2017; Bullock, Wilk, and Lamb 2015). In fact, the 1968 legislation created a cooperative federalism arrangement: state and local governments that pass housing discrimination laws substantially equivalent to Title VIII in terms of rights, procedures, remedies, and the availability of judicial review have the first opportunity to enforce Title VIII, ahead of the federal government (Lamb and Wilk 2010; HUD 2014).…”

Section: Intergovernmental Enforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Civil Rights Enforcement

Bullock

Wilk

Lamb

2017

State and Local Government Review

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This article compares federal, state, and local civil rights agencies’ effectiveness in enforcing the Fair Housing Act. Two factors primarily define effective enforcement: whether agencies’ conciliation efforts are more likely to lead to agreements between the parties involved in complaints and whether agencies are more likely to provide remedies to complainants in cases in which there is cause to believe discrimination occurred. The analysis shows that state and local agencies are generally more effective than the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) both at conciliating complaints and at providing remedies. HUD does appear to be more effective than state and local agencies in terms of the dollar amount of monetary relief awarded when successful conciliations occur, but HUD’s remedial effectiveness disappears after controlling for the likelihood of successful conciliations.

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“…In the case of the development of PPP projects, these two dimensions coexist to foster this funding mechanism. In this context, the works conducted by Wood (1991), Bullock et al (2017), and Terman and Feiock (2015), highlight the relevance of the coexistence and implementation of both legal frameworks to explain either the success or failures of public policy performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public-private partnerships in Mexico: Challenges and opportunities at local level

Fuentes

Mendoza

Montoya

et al. 2021

Competition and Regulation in Network Industries

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A specific challenge related to infrastructure creation that is faced by several countries has to do with the lack of participation to an optimal level of subnational governments in the development of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects which, in turn, could offset the existing infrastructure limitations. In this article, we analyze the Mexican case, whose main feature is that, despite implementing the PPP scheme for almost 10 years and having technical assistance from international organizations to establish the required institutional framework (i.e. legal and technical dimensions), local governments have not been able to create the necessary competencies to carry out this type of project. In order to assess local governments on this subject, we conducted an analysis based on the model designed by the OECD in relation to the execution of PPP projects. A proposal to explain the lack of local government participation in PPP schemes, rests on the foundations of so-called “subnational authoritarianism.”

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Cooperative Federalism and Fair Housing Enforcement^*

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

African American and Latino discrimination complaints: comparing volume and outcomes

African American and Latino discrimination complaints: comparing volume and outcomes

Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Civil Rights Enforcement

Public-private partnerships in Mexico: Challenges and opportunities at local level

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Cooperative Federalism and Fair Housing Enforcement*

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

African American and Latino discrimination complaints: comparing volume and outcomes

African American and Latino discrimination complaints: comparing volume and outcomes

Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Civil Rights Enforcement

Public-private partnerships in Mexico: Challenges and opportunities at local level

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cooperative Federalism and Fair Housing Enforcement^*