Cooperation between Broussonetia papyrifera and Its Symbiotic Fungal Community To Improve Local Adaptation of the Host

Abstract

<jats:p>The genetic basis of plant local adaptation has been extensively studied, yet the interplay between local adaptation, plant genetic divergence, and microbial community remains unclear. Our study used the restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) approach to explore genetic divergence in <jats:italic>Broussonetia papyrifera</jats:italic>, and used internal transcribed spacers (ITS) to characterise fungal community. RAD-seq results show <jats:italic>B. papyrifera</jats:italic> individuals could be divided into three genotypes, this genotyping result was consistent with the classification of climate type at the sample site. Most of the 101 highly differentiated genes were related to stress-resistance and microbiome. Moreover, β-diversity results indicated that genetic divergence had a significant effect on fungal community across all compartments (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>&lt;0.01). At genus and OTU level, <jats:italic>Mortierella</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Hannaella oryzae</jats:italic>, OTU815781 (<jats:italic>Mortierella</jats:italic>) and OTU1665209 (<jats:italic>H. oryzae</jats:italic>) were found to be the major OTUs that contribute to differences in fungal community. The properties of co-occurrence networks vary greatly among three genotypes. The result of redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that <jats:italic>B. papyrifera-</jats:italic>associated fungal community was significantly related to its local adaptability. Our findings suggest that genetic divergence of <jats:italic>B. papyrifera</jats:italic> is closely related to local adaptation, with significant effects on the associated fungal community, which, in turn, would enhance host local adaptability. This improves present understanding about co-evolution of microbial communities and host plant.</jats:p> <jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE</jats:bold> The co-evolution of plant with the associated fungal community and their effect on plant adaptability is not clear, especially for native trees. This study focuses on the genetic basis of local adaptation in plants and the effect of genetic divergence of <jats:italic>Broussonetia papyrifera</jats:italic> on the associated fungal community. We identified genes related to the microbiome that are important for local adaptation of the host. Our results show that genetic divergence in <jats:italic>B. papyrifera</jats:italic> significantly affects the fungal community, which has a close connection with local adaptation. This helps us to understand the relationship between local adaptation, genetic divergence, and associated fungal communities. This study highlights the effect of plant genetic divergence on associated fungal community for native tree and establishes the close connection between this effect and local adaptability in the host. In addition, these observations laid the foundation for the research of co-evolution of plants and symbiotic microbiome through genome-wide association study (GWAS).</jats:p>

Effects of epiphytic and exogenous lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and microbial community compositions of paper mulberry silage

“…The dominant fungal genus in fresh PM was Aureobasidium ( Figure 2B ), which has been reported to be the predominant genus on the skin of grapes ( Gao et al, 2019 ). However, inconsistent results were reported by Chen et al (2020b) , who reported that the dominant fungal genera in fresh PM were Mortierella and Hannaella . Numerous factors, such as forage types and environmental factors, result in differences in the fungal community composition ( Li et al, 2021 ).…”

The influence of low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria on the enhancement of quality and the microbial community in winter Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) silage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

“…Typically, a DM content between 25–35% and a WSC content exceeding 50 g/kg ensure an ample ensiling fermentation substrate ( Hu et al, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2018 ). JA raw material has a DM content of 35.02%, surpassing that of corn and oats, and a WSC content of 61.21 g/kg, meeting the criteria for high-quality ensiling material ( Chen et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2022 ). The storage temperature significantly influences ensiling success ( Zhou et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Technol. 139, 125-140. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007 He, L., Wang, C., Xing, Y., Zhou, W., Pian, R., Chen, X., et al (2020). Ensiling characteristics, proteolysis and bacterial community of high-moisture corn stalk and stylo silage prepared with Bauhinia variegate flower.…”

Epichloë Fungal Endophytes Have More Host-Dependent Effects on the Soil Microenvironment than on the Initial Litter Quality

“…However, the functional significance of other microbial symbioses, such as fungal endophytes, is much less understood to date [ 7 , 8 ]. Recent studies have shown that endophytic fungi play an essential role in enhancing the resistance and adaptability of host plants in grassland communities [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], but their potential impact on the host litter components and the soil environment across plant species has been largely overlooked [ 13 ].…”