“…9 "Up to the 1970s, little original technology was created in Brazil"(Baer, 1985, p. 313, translated). Such a scenario has not changed much until recent days(Tessarin, Suzigan, Guilhoto, 2020).10 In 1980, the export coefficient of the manufacturing sector was only 7.3%(Ramos, 1999, p. 18).11 "In fact, the industrialization policies implemented since the 1950s were predominantly defensive and were characterised by an exaggerate and permanent protectionism. Along with exchange rate policy, these policies favoured more elevated return rates in the internal market than in exportation, thus giving rise to a tendency to produce for the domestic market.…”