“…They have been widely applied as smart textiles and apparels [11], intelligent medical devices [12], heat shrinkable packages for electronics [13], high performance water-vapor permeability materials [14], self-deployable structures [15], and microsystems [16]. SMPs can recover their original (or permanent) shapes under appropriate external stimuli, such as heating [1,8,16,17], cooling [18], light [19,20], electric field [21][22][23][24][25][26], magnetic field [27][28][29], water [30], pH, specific ions or enzyme [31]. However, the demand to avoid external heaters has led to a new generation of electrically conducting SMPs filled with conductive nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes [21,22], carbon particles [23,26], conductive fiber [24] and nickel zinc ferrite ferromagnetic particles.…”