Cooling tower plume

Nožička, Jiří

doi:10.1063/1.4963023

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Plume emissions from volcanic eruptions have been measured and quantified to estimate volcanic discharge, analogous to what we propose in this paper [1]. Cizek and Noicka studied how plume volumes were affected by the stack diameters as well as the temperatures of the ambient air and exhaust [2]. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies of cooling tower plumes have appeared in recent literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…where Q air is the enthalpy transfer rate (power), ρ a is the density of air, C pa is the specific heat of air, w is the updraft velocity, R ct is the exhaust radius, L is the latent heat of vaporization, T air is the ambient air temperature, T pl is the exhaust air temperature, q pl is the specific humidity of exhaust, and q air is the specific humidity of ambient air. Equation (2) used increasing values of the exhaust air temperature until the enthalpy transfer rate was large enough to produce a simulated plume equal in size to the measured plume size. The standard set of the one-dimensional entraining plume model equations was also taken from Carazzo et al Conservation equations for water vapor and liquid water were added to the Carazzo et al equations [1]:…”

Section: Methods and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Thermal Emissions from Visual Images of Plumes

et al. 2023

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Using a one-dimensional code, we computed the power (enthalpy discharge rate) of a twelve-cell mechanical draft cooling tower (MDCT) using over two hundred visible condensed water vapor plume volume measurements derived from images, weather data, and tower operating conditions. The plume images were simultaneously captured by multiple stationary digital cameras surrounding the cooling tower. An analysis technique combining structure from motion (SfM), a neural-network-based image segmentation algorithm, and space carving was used to quantify the volumes. Afterwards, the power output was computed using novel techniques in the one-dimensional code that included cooling tower exhaust plume adjacency effects implemented with a modified version of the entrainment function, weather data averaged from eleven stations, and fan operations at the times when plume volumes were measured. The model was then compared with the averaged observed power output, and it validated well with an average error ranging from 6 to 12%, depending on the meteorological data used in the simulations. This methodology can possibly determine power plant fuel consumption rates by applying visible imagery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Methods and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Thermal Emissions from Visual Images of Plumes

et al. 2023

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“…Future modeling for similar events would ideally include detailed stack geometry capture stack downwash, as illustrated by Cain et al (2003) when they simulated saturated buoyant plumes with original, choke, and disk geometry designs at the stack exit. Further refinements may include adaptive meshing to improve plume resolution upon release, which depends on the outlet radius and humidity of the stack exhaust and the surrounding ambient air (Sivanandan et al 2021;Cizek and Nozicka 2016). Therefore, more sophisticated simulation studies to solve the Navier-Stokes equations would include realizable k-epsilon or large eddy simulations.…”

Section: Cfd Modeling For 30 January 2022mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions Leading to a Fumigation Event

2023

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During the afternoon of 30 January 2022, the Savannah River Site experienced unusual temperature conditions leading to a fumigation event that triggered safety alarms and caused considerable confusion about the cause of the event. Normally, it is assumed that fumigation events occur early in the day once surface heating has begun. While most fumigation events are related to the breakup of a nocturnal inversion, this event was related to synoptic atmospheric conditions, which provided a more unique scenario that led to the fumigation event. The unusual synoptic atmospheric conditions led to the downwash and fumigation of the elevated plume, causing a pollutant to mix rapidly to the surface. These conditions could have potentially harmed workers within the facility, since the plume was directed toward a building air intake system. We seek to outline the conditions that led to this unusual fumigation event and provide results of two-dimensional (2D) wind modeling of the event to characterize these conditions for future operational guidance of the facility air intake systems. This work sets the groundwork for future high-resolution modeling to explore the mechanisms and thresholds affecting fumigation on the facility-specific short distance scales and improve forecasting of non-standard fumigation events to protect human health.

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“…Intense fog is anticipated when the area computed by 1 is comparatively large. More recently, and rather than examining intersected areas in a psychrometric chart, Cizek and Nozicka [27] considered the overall volume of the visible plume, which is expressed as an empirical coefficient times the third power of the cooling tower diameter. Cizek and Nozicka [27] revealed that the overall visible plume (1)…”

Section: Plume Visibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling tower plume abatement and plume modeling: a review

Flynn

2021

Environ Fluid Mech

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Visible plumes above wet cooling towers are of great concern due to the associated aesthetic and environmental impacts. The parallel path wet/dry cooling tower is one of the most commonly used approaches for plume abatement, however, the associated capital cost is usually high due to the addition of the dry coils. Recently, passive technologies, which make use of free solar energy or the latent heat of the hot, moist air rising through the cooling tower fill, have been proposed to minimize or abate the visible plume and/or conserve water. In this review, we contrast established versus novel technologies and give a perspective on the relative merits and demerits of each. Of course, no assessment of the severity of a visible plume can be made without first understanding its atmospheric trajectory. To this end, numerous attempts, being either theoretical or numerical or experimental, have been proposed to predict plume behavior in atmospheres that are either uniform versus density-stratified or still versus windy (whether highly-turbulent or not). Problems of particular interests are plume rise/deflection, condensation and drift deposition, the latter consideration being a concern of public health due to the possible transport and spread of Legionella bacteria.

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Cooling tower plume

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Assessment of Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Thermal Emissions from Visual Images of Plumes

Assessment of Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Thermal Emissions from Visual Images of Plumes

Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions Leading to a Fumigation Event

Cooling tower plume abatement and plume modeling: a review

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