Cooling system for the soft x-ray spectrometer (SXS) onboard ASTRO-H

Fujimoto, R.; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.; Takei, Yoh; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Sugita, Hiroyuki; Sato, Yoichi; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Okamoto, Atsushi; Ohashi, T.; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Ezoe, Yuichiro; Ishikawa, Kumi; Murakami, Masahide; Kitamoto, Shunji; Murakami, Hiroshi; Tamagawa, Toru; Kawaharada, Madoka; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Sato, Kosuke; Hoshino, Akio; Kanao, Kenichi; Yoshida, Seiji; Miyaoka, Mikio; DiPirro, Michael; Shirron, Peter; Sneiderman, Gary A.; Kelley, R. L.; Porter, F. S.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Crow, John; Mattern, A.; Kashani, A.; McCammon, D.

doi:10.1117/12.856909

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Details are described elsewhere. [13][14][15] The requirements for the cooling chain from room temperature to the ADR heat sink were to provide a thermal bath below 1.3 K for the CSI with a lifetime over 3 years in the nominal case, and 9 months in a contingency case (failure of one cryocooler case). It was designed to satisfy these requirements utilizing ≥30 L LHe and minimizing a heat load on the helium tank (He tank) to <1 mW.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Fujimoto

Takei

Mitsuda

et al. 2017

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Abstract. The soft x-ray spectrometer (SXS) was a cryogenic high-resolution x-ray spectrometer onboard the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) satellite that achieved energy resolution of 5 eV at 6 keV, by operating the detector array at 50 mK using an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The cooling chain from room temperature to the ADR heat sink was composed of two-stage Stirling cryocoolers, a 4 He Joule-Thomson cryocooler, and superfluid liquid helium and was installed in a dewar. It was designed to achieve a helium lifetime of more than 3 years with a minimum of 30 L. The satellite was launched on February 17, 2016, and the SXS worked perfectly in orbit, until March 26 when the satellite lost its function. It was demonstrated that the heat load on the helium tank was about 0.7 mW, which would have satisfied the lifetime requirement. This paper describes the design, results of ground performance tests, prelaunch operations, and initial operation and performance in orbit of the flight dewar and the cryocoolers. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Fujimoto

Takei

Mitsuda

et al. 2017

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…As with Suzaku, the array will be cooled using an ADR. 22,23 An ADR has been adopted because it readily meets the requirements for detector temperature, stability, recycle time, reliability in a space environment, and previous flight heritage. The design of Stirling cryocoolers is based on coolers developed for space-flight missions in Japan (Suzaku, AKARI, and the SMILES instrument deployed on the ISS 24 ) that have achieved excellent performance with respect to cooling power, efficiency and mass.…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ASTRO-H Mission

Takahashi

Mitsuda

Kelley

et al. 2010

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

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The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe by performing high-resolution, high-throughput spectroscopy with moderate angular resolution. ASTRO-H covers very wide energy range from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. ASTRO-H allows a combination of wide band X-ray spectroscopy (5-80 keV) provided by multilayer coating, focusing hard X-ray mirrors and hard X-ray imaging detectors, and high energy-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy (0.3-12 keV) provided by thin-foil X-ray optics and a micro-calorimeter array. The mission will also carry an X-ray CCD camera as a focal plane detector for a soft X-ray telescope (0.4-12 keV) and a non-focusing soft gamma-ray detector (40-600 keV) . The micro-calorimeter system is developed by an international collaboration led by ISAS/JAXA and NASA. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution of ∆E ∼7 eV provided by the micro-calorimeter will enable a wide variety of important science themes to be pursued.

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“…For example, bolometers [1,2] in space-borne telescopes [3][4][5] require a dilution cryostat reaching sub-100-mK temperatures to extend our observation into the deep space, or quantum bits [6][7][8] enable, in principle, an exponential enhancement of computing power and probably could simulate nature. The main unit of these devices, a superconducting element that takes on quantum physics, requires cryogenic temperatures that are typically provided by a dilution cryostat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Electronic Refrigerator Using Superconducting Tunnel Junctions

et al. 2016

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Microrefrigerators that operate in the subkelvin regime are key devices in quantum technology. A wellstudied candidate, an electronic cooler using normal-metal-insulator-superconductor (N-I-S) tunnel junctions, offers substantial performance and power. However, its superconducting electrodes are severely overheated due to exponential suppression of their thermal conductance towards low temperatures, and the cooler performs unsatisfactorily-especially in powerful devices needed for practical applications. We employ a second N-I-S cooling stage to thermalize the hot superconductor at the backside of the main N-I-S cooler. Not only providing a lower bath temperature, the second-stage cooler actively evacuates quasiparticles out of the hot superconductor, especially in the low-temperature limit. We demonstrate the apparent advantage of our approach. This cascade design can also be employed to manage excess heat in other cryoelectronic devices.

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Cooling system for the soft x-ray spectrometer (SXS) onboard ASTRO-H

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

The ASTRO-H Mission

Cascade Electronic Refrigerator Using Superconducting Tunnel Junctions

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