Cooling and energy saving potentials of shade trees and urban lawns in a desert city

Wang, Zhi‐Hua; Zhao, Xiaoxi; Yang, Jiachuan; Jooho, Song

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.047

Cited by 163 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, such recommendations for planting trees will vary with geographic location and climate of the city. We address the local scale, while urban climate modeling studies that go beyond that include the radiative heat exchange among trees and sky, building walls and the ground to simulate cooling and energy saving potentials of urban trees on the neighborhood to city scales [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Effects and Regulating Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Trees—Novel Analysis Approaches Using Urban Tree Cadastre Data

2018

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Abstract:The provision of ecosystem services by urban trees is not yet routinely integrated in city administrations' planting scenarios because the quantification of these services is often time-consuming and expensive. Accounting for these welfare functions can enhance life quality for city dwellers. We present innovative approaches that may appeal to the numerous city administrations that keep tree inventory or cadastre databases of all trees growing on city property for civil law liability reasons. Mining these ubiquitous data can be a feasible alternative to field surveys and improve cost-benefit ratios for ecosystem service assessment. We present methods showing how data gaps (in particular tree height and crown light exposure) in the cadastre data can be filled to estimate ecosystem services with i-Tree Eco. Furthermore, we used the i-Tree Eco output for a noval approach which focus on predicting energy reduction as a proxy for cooling benefits provided by trees. The results for the total publicly owned and managed street trees in our study site of Duisburg (Germany) show that the most important ecosystem services are the removal of particulate matter by 16% of the city emissions and the reduction of 58% of the direct and thermal radiation in the effective range of the trees in the cadastre.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Effects and Regulating Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Trees—Novel Analysis Approaches Using Urban Tree Cadastre Data

2018

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“…Additionally, previous studies on cooling effects of greenspace mostly focused on the statistical relationships between patterns of greenspace and temperatures. Only a very few studies have been conducted from the perspective of the two major cooling mechanisms, that is, shading and transpiration (Armson et al, 2012;Rahman et al, 2015;Shashua-Bar and Hoffman, 2000;Wang et al, 2016). While there is an increasing interest in the cooling mechanisms of greenspace, previous studies have mostly focused on one of the two cooling processes, either the role of shading of trees in affecting local and regional thermal environment (Armson et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2016), or the evapotranspirational cooling effectiveness of different tree species (Rahman et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch size of trees affects its cooling effectiveness: A perspective from shading and transpiration processes

Jiao

Zhou

Zheng

et al. 2017

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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A B S T R A C TIncreasing urban greenspace, particularly trees, has been widely recognized as an effective means for urban heat mitigation. Lots of uncertainty, however, occurs on how spatial configuration of trees affects their cooling effectiveness. A frequently asked question from urban planners is that whether a large greenspace patch has better cooling effects than several smaller ones, or vice versa. Here, we attempted to address this question by investigating the effects of patch size of trees on the two key cooling processes: shading and transpiration. We chose two typical tree species, Ginkgo biloba and Populus tomentosa, with 4 different patch sizes, and conducted the research in Beijing. We integrated field measurements of air temperature, relative humidity and transpiration rate with model simulation, and conducted the analysis at both the patch and within-patch level. We found: (1) Smaller patches had higher temperature, lower humidity and greater within-patch variations in temperature and humidity than larger ones. (2) With a fixed area of tree cover, a number of small patches can provide more shade than a single large patch, suggesting a monotonic increase of shade provision with the division of a large patch into smaller ones. (3) There was a non-linear relationship between patch size and transpiration rate, suggesting a maximum transpiration rate might occur at certain patch size. By considering the joint effects of shading and transpiration, an optimal size of patch might occur, at which the joint effects of shading and transpiration are maximized.

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“…Among all of these strategies, vegetation as one of the most important components of urban green infrastructure, is becoming an integral feature of urban designs [8]. Commonly used urban green infrastructure includes residential landscaping, green corridors, green roofs and walls, and urban parks using a combination of trees, shrubbery, and turf grass [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The question that remains is how to best integrate urban green infrastructure with the transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial infrastructure to maximize the environmental benefits that are offered by the green infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Cooling Benefits of Tree Shade by an Outdoor Urban Physical Scale Model at Tempe, AZ

Zhao¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Urban Science

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Urban green infrastructure, especially shade trees, offers benefits to the urban residential environment by mitigating direct incoming solar radiation on building facades, particularly in hot settings. Understanding the impact of different tree locations and arrangements around residential properties has the potential to maximize cooling and can ultimately guide urban planners, designers, and homeowners on how to create the most sustainable urban environment. This research measures the cooling effect of tree shade on building facades through an outdoor urban physical scale model. The physical scale model is a simulated neighborhood consisting of an array of concrete cubes to represent houses with identical artificial trees. We tested and compared 10 different tree densities, locations, and arrangement scenarios in the physical scale model. The experimental results show that a single tree located at the southeast of the building can provide up to 2.3 • C hourly cooling benefits to east facade of the building. A two-tree cluster arrangement provides more cooling benefits (up to 6.6 • C hourly cooling benefits to the central facade) when trees are located near the south and southeast sides of the building. The research results confirm the cooling benefits of tree shade and the importance of wisely designing tree locations and arrangements in the built environment.

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Cooling and energy saving potentials of shade trees and urban lawns in a desert city

Cited by 163 publications

References 34 publications

Cooling Effects and Regulating Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Trees—Novel Analysis Approaches Using Urban Tree Cadastre Data

Cooling Effects and Regulating Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Trees—Novel Analysis Approaches Using Urban Tree Cadastre Data

Patch size of trees affects its cooling effectiveness: A perspective from shading and transpiration processes

Assessing the Cooling Benefits of Tree Shade by an Outdoor Urban Physical Scale Model at Tempe, AZ

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