Cooled terminations for use as 4 Gc/s microwave standard noise sources

Daglish, H.N.; Carter, J.W.

doi:10.1049/piee.1965.0118

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A Gain-independent Radiometer1

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1969

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“…4, mounted in a length of copper waveguide. The more usual thin-walled stainless steel waveguide 3 was not used, in order to reduce the uncertainty about the actual value (and stability) of the attenuation between the effective position of the load and the reference plane. By using copper waveguide this uncertainty was reduced, at the expense of a large increase in the rate of consumption of liquid nitrogen; the increase is not serious for laboratory experiments.…”

Section: A Gain-independent Radiometermentioning

confidence: 99%

A radiometer for measurement of the noise temperature of low-noise microwave amplifiers

Carter¹,

Daglish

Moore

1969

Radio Electron. Eng. UK

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The noise temperature of a low-noise microwave amplifier can be measured by connecting the amplifier input in turn to thermal noise sources at different physical temperatures. The conventional technique is limited by the necessity for a very stable amplifier and system gain during the measurements. The paper describes a manually-balanced radiometer circuit designed to overcome this limitation, and intended to measure amplifier noise temperatures in the range below 500°K. Examples of experimental measurements on a maser and on uncooled and cooled parametric amplifiers are discussed. List of Principal Symbolscoupling ratio of directional coupler C2.

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Section: A Gain-independent Radiometermentioning

confidence: 99%