Background-Evolving management of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and the use of implantable cardioverterdefibrillators impacts the characteristics of patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT). We investigated the substrate, procedure, and outcome evolution of all patients referred for VT ablation during the past 8 years. (17%) with NICMP died after a median of 13 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that age, ejection fraction, and need for preprocedural mechanical hemodynamic support predicted mortality. Conclusions-The substrate causing VT in patients requiring ablation is evolving and determines the long-term outcome.In the setting of a normal heart, VT ablation is associated with a low risk of subsequent mortality, with no deaths occurring during a mean follow-up of Ͼ3 years. In contrast, in patients with SHD and recurrent VT, VT ablation can be helpful to suppress drug refractory VT, but long-term mortality remains significant. (Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2008;1:153-161.)