Coolant oil dermatitis due to ethylenediamine

Crow, K. D.; Peachev, R. D. G.; Adams, James E.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03850.x

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Ethylene diamine has been used as a stabilizer in topical steroid creams , but is no longer used for this purpose in Sweden. Occupational cases of ethylenediamine contact allergy have been reported among workers handling epoxy systems, in which ethylenediamine and related amines are used as curing agents , and in workers exposed to ethylenediamine‐containing coolant oils and synthetic coolants . Furthermore, allergic reactions to ethylenediamine have been reported in healthcare workers handling theophylline and aminophylline .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

et al. 2016

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“…Our analysis did not find an increased sensitization to EDD in health workers, probably as a result of the improvement of protective measures in this sector and the replacement of theophylline‐containing products with others, which are not dissolved in EDD 17 . In metallurgical engineering, OCD has been reported from EDD after exposure to coolant oils and lubricants, and even an epidemic occupational sensitization in a wire‐drawing factory has been described 22–25 . Among industrial and laundry detergents, there are a number of notable products that can contain EDD as bleach activator, 3 which may explain the sensitization observed in cleaners/domestics and also in hairdressers, as frequently performed the cleaning of the hairdressing salon 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In industrial scenarios, OCD caused by EDD was described in metallurgical engineering after exposure to coolant oils 22,23 and lubricants 24,25 . English et al 26 reported a case of OCD, also to a floor polish remover in which the allergen was present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in patients with contact dermatitis in northeastern Italy from 1996 to 2021

Piapan,

Belloni Fortina,

Giulioni

et al. 2023

Contact Dermatitis

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BackgroundEthylenediamine dihydrochloride is a versatile aliphatic amine found in numerous medications and industrial compounds and is a known sensitiser. The sensitisation prevalence is affected by geographical and socio‐cultural factors.ObjectivesThe objectives are to analyse the temporal trend of sensitisation to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in northeastern Italy and to investigate associations with occupations.MethodsBetween 1996 and 2021, 30 629 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested with the Triveneto baseline series. Individual characteristics were collected through a standardised questionnaire.ResultsThe overall prevalence of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride sensitisation was 1.29% with percentages similar in both sexes. We observed a significant decreasing trend over time (p < 0.001), yielding a sensitisation prevalence <1% in recent years. Among departments, residence in Pordenone area was protective for sensitisation. No significant associations were observed with specific occupations. We found significant associations between ethylenediamine dihydrochloride sensitisation and being 26–35 years old (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–2.08), and sensitisation for many haptens, such as paraben mix (OR, 5.3; 95% CI: 3.3–8.5), epoxy resin (OR, 5.1; 95% CI: 3.0–8.7), neomycin sulphate and mercaptobenzothiazole.ConclusionsOur study showed a downward time trend of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride sensitisation in northeastern Italian population and pointed to an update of the Triveneto baseline series.

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“…A 48-h patch test to 5% Dichlorophene was positive, but not as severe as the two previous cases (Schorr 1970). Crow, Peachey, and Adams (1978) described the outbreak of dermatitis in 15 subjects in which eruptions affected the dorsal surfaces of the hands and fingers, which were dry, scaly, and erythematous with a tendency to fissure. One subject had eruptions on the palms and forearms.…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Safety Assessment of Dichlorophene and Chlorophene1

Yamarik¹

2004

Int J Toxicol

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Dichlorophene is a halogenated phenolic compound that functions as a bacteriocide and fungicide in cosmetics. Chlorophene is a halogenated phenolic compound that functions as a biocide and preservative in cosmetics. Dichlorophene was reported to be used in a total of five cosmetic formulations at concentrations of 0% to 1.0%, but Chlorophene was not reported to be used. Dichlorophene is prohibited for use in cosmetic ingredients in Japan. In Europe, the maximum authorized concentration allowed for Dichlorophene is 0.5% and for Chlorophene is 0.2%. The major impurity of Dichlorophene is the trimer 4-chloro-2,6-bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)phenol. In rats, Dichlorophene sulfate, Dichlorophene monoglucuronide, and Dichlorophene diglucuronide were the major metabolites of Dichlorophene and were excreted, mainly in the urine. The glucuronic acid conjugate, the sulfate ester conjugate, and two minor metabolites of Chlorophene were the metabolites found in rat urine. Chlorophene was incompletely absorbed through the rat skin. These chemicals exhibited low toxicity in acute oral toxicity studies in several animal species. Some evidence of toxicity with both chemicals was found in short-term oral toxicity studies in mice and rats; nephropathy was the principal finding. Chronic toxicity data were not available for Dichlorophene. Rats and mice dosed with Chlorophene for 2 years had a dose-related and sex-related increase in the severity of nephropathy. In animal tests, Dichlorophene and Chlorophene were ocular irritants. No inhalation toxicity data were available for these ingredients. Dichlorophene up to 10% concentration resulted in no to minimal irritation when applied to the intact and abraded skin of rabbits. Chlorophene was severely irritating to rabbits in most dermal irritation studies. Studies on guinea pigs gave positive and negative results in sensitization tests of Dichlorophene. A dose-related contact hypersensitivity response to Chlorophene was reported in mice. No reproductive or developmental toxicity data were available for Dichlorophene, but there was some evidence of non-dose-dependent developmental toxicity with Chlorophene in rabbits. Dichlorophene was positive in the Ames mutagenicity assay, but not in mammalian or fruit fly test systems. Chlorophene was mutagenic in four in vitro mammalian test systems. Carcinogenicity studies for Dichlorophene were not found. Neoplasms were not observed in rats treated with Chlorophene for 2 years; however a significant incidence of neoplasms was observed in mice so treated. A 1-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) study concluded that Chlorophene was a cutaneous irritant and a weak skin tumor promoter but had no activity as an initiator or complete carcinogen. Dichlorophene was not a sensitizer in clinical dermal sensitization tests. Some reactions to Chlorophene occurred in some, but not all, clinical dermal sensitization tests. Positive photopatch tests to Dichlorophene were found in 13/469 patients. Although these ingredients were ocular irritants at high concentrations, the risk at concentrations which are actually used in cosmetic formulations was uncertain. Overall, the available data were insufficient to support safety of Dichlorophene or Chlorophene. Additional data needed include (1) method of manufacture and impurities data (especially the trimer in Dichlorophene); (2) photosensitization and photo-carcinogenicity data for Dichlorophene; (3) dermal reproductive and developmental toxicity data for Dichlorophene (as a function of dose); and (4) ocular irritation at concentration of use, if available.

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Coolant oil dermatitis due to ethylenediamine

Abstract: Two outbreaks of hand dermatitis in light engineering works are reported. In both cases a number of workers shown to be allergic to soluble coolant oils were found to be allergic to ethylenediamine, which had either been incorporated into the oil or had been added to it later.

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements

Sensitization to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in patients with contact dermatitis in northeastern Italy from 1996 to 2021

Safety Assessment of Dichlorophene and Chlorophene1

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