Abstract:Rosa rugosa Thunb. has been explored multi-function in medicinal, edible, cosmetic, ornamental and ecological etc. However, R. rugosa natural populations have recently declined substantially in China, besides of global climate change, this species also has the defect of limiting the reproduction of itself such as the hard-to-release seed dormancy. In this study, only 30% of R. rugosa seeds were viable, and the others were incompletely developed or diseased seeds. Without stratification, morphologically complet… Show more
“…Lignification of the endocarp as a contributing factor to seed dormancy ( Gao et al., 2022 ). The resorcinol staining method was employed to investigate the alterations in lignin deposition within the endocarp of S. paniculata seeds during various developmental stages.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The failure of germination in seeds with high vitality and well-developed embryos under suitable conditions can be attributed to either the impermeability of the seed coat or hard endocarp, which acts as a mechanical restriction. The permeability of these structures plays a crucial role in determining successful germination by facilitating water absorption ( Manz et al., 2005 ; Farhana and Conor, 2013 ; Gao et al., 2022 ). In our study, the lignification of S. paniculata endocarp was observed to be severe, and water uptake in cracked seeds was significantly higher compared to intact seeds, thereby indicating that seed endocarp lignification causes impermeability and potentially contributes to the mechanical dormancy of S. paniculata seeds.…”
Symplocos paniculata is a highly desirable oil species for biodiesel and premium edible oil feedstock. While germplasm preservation and breeding are crucial, the severity of seed dormancy poses a challenge to successful germination. We employed S. paniculata seeds as experimental materials and conducted an investigation into the types and causes of seed dormancy by analyzing the morphology and developmental characteristics of its embryo, exploring the water permeability property of the endocarp, and examining the presence of endogenous inhibitors, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for overcoming seed dormancy and maximizing germplasm resource utilization. The findings revealed that the seed embryo had matured into a fully developed embryo, and no dormancy in terms of embryo morphology was observed. Upon reaching maturity, the endocarp of seeds undergoes significant lignification, resulting in notable differences in water absorption between cracked and intact seeds. The impermeability of the endocarp is one of the factors contributing to mechanical restriction. The different phases of endosperm extraction exerted varying effects on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds, with the methanol phase exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. The presence of endogenous inhibitors emerged as the primary factor contributing to physiological dormancy in seeds. GC-MS analysis and validation trials revealed that fatty acids and phenolics, including hexadecanoic acid, oxadecanoic acid, and m-cresol, constituted the main types of endogenous inhibitory compounds found within the endosperm. These findings suggest that the seed dormancy in S. paniculata seeds has endocarp mechanical restriction, and the presence of endogenous inhibitors causes physiological dormancy.
“…Lignification of the endocarp as a contributing factor to seed dormancy ( Gao et al., 2022 ). The resorcinol staining method was employed to investigate the alterations in lignin deposition within the endocarp of S. paniculata seeds during various developmental stages.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The failure of germination in seeds with high vitality and well-developed embryos under suitable conditions can be attributed to either the impermeability of the seed coat or hard endocarp, which acts as a mechanical restriction. The permeability of these structures plays a crucial role in determining successful germination by facilitating water absorption ( Manz et al., 2005 ; Farhana and Conor, 2013 ; Gao et al., 2022 ). In our study, the lignification of S. paniculata endocarp was observed to be severe, and water uptake in cracked seeds was significantly higher compared to intact seeds, thereby indicating that seed endocarp lignification causes impermeability and potentially contributes to the mechanical dormancy of S. paniculata seeds.…”
Symplocos paniculata is a highly desirable oil species for biodiesel and premium edible oil feedstock. While germplasm preservation and breeding are crucial, the severity of seed dormancy poses a challenge to successful germination. We employed S. paniculata seeds as experimental materials and conducted an investigation into the types and causes of seed dormancy by analyzing the morphology and developmental characteristics of its embryo, exploring the water permeability property of the endocarp, and examining the presence of endogenous inhibitors, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for overcoming seed dormancy and maximizing germplasm resource utilization. The findings revealed that the seed embryo had matured into a fully developed embryo, and no dormancy in terms of embryo morphology was observed. Upon reaching maturity, the endocarp of seeds undergoes significant lignification, resulting in notable differences in water absorption between cracked and intact seeds. The impermeability of the endocarp is one of the factors contributing to mechanical restriction. The different phases of endosperm extraction exerted varying effects on the germination of Chinese cabbage seeds, with the methanol phase exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. The presence of endogenous inhibitors emerged as the primary factor contributing to physiological dormancy in seeds. GC-MS analysis and validation trials revealed that fatty acids and phenolics, including hexadecanoic acid, oxadecanoic acid, and m-cresol, constituted the main types of endogenous inhibitory compounds found within the endosperm. These findings suggest that the seed dormancy in S. paniculata seeds has endocarp mechanical restriction, and the presence of endogenous inhibitors causes physiological dormancy.
“…The germination rate in 2021 to 2022 was higher than 2020, although it was still low (Table 1). The low germination ratio may be due to the duration of vernalization; it was too short in 2020, and too long in 2021 and 2022 (Gao et al 2022). Although low germination ratio means less possibility of gene-flow to wild species, we cannot examine it without DNA from leaves.…”
Section: Pcr Analysis With Dna Extracted From Embryosmentioning
Rose is a major ornamental plant, and a lot of cultivars with attractive morphology, color and scent have been generated by classical breeding. Recent progress of genetic modification produces a novel cultivar with attractive features. In both cases, a major problem is the gene-flow from cultivated or genetically modified (GM) plants to wild species, causing reduction of natural population. To investigate whether gene-flow occurs in wild species, molecular analysis with DNA markers with higher efficient technique is useful. Here we investigated the gene-flow from cultivated roses (Rosa×hybrida) to wild rose species planted in close distance in the field. The overlapping flowering periods and visiting insects suggest that pollens were transported by insects between wild and cultivated roses. We examined the germination ratio of seeds from wild species, and extracted DNA and checked with KSN and APETALA2 (AP2) DNA markers to detect transposon insertions. Using two markers, we successfully detected the outcross between wild and cultivated roses. For higher efficiency, we established a bulking method, where DNA, leaves or embryos were pooled, enabling us to that check the outcross of many plants. Our results suggest that wild species and garden cultivars can cross in close distance, so that they should be planted in distance, and checked the outcross with multiple DNA markers.
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