Cool surface waters of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean during the last glacial

Lee, Kyung Eun; Slowey, Niall C.

doi:10.1038/17357

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3) of our glacial chronology with the pollenbased record of temperature and precipitation from O'ahu (Hotchkiss and Juvik, 1999) and the alkenone-based SST record from the subtropical North Pacific (Lee and Slowey, 1999;Lee et al, 2001), shows that the two Makanaka glaciations were associated with large changes of temperature or precipitation (but not necessarily both!). At sea level, assuming our 36 Cl ages are accurate, the Older Makanaka climate was colder than today by $38C and as wet as today.…”

Section: Climatic Inferences From Makanaka Ice Capsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least one additional palaeoclimatic record is necessary for a unique solution because ELA depends on both temperature and precipitation. We used two: a pollen-derived temperature record from a lowelevation (463 m) site on O'ahu (Hotchkiss and Juvik, 1999) and an alkenone-based SST record from the subtropical North Pacific (Lee and Slowey, 1999;Lee et al, 2001). During our analysis, it was necessary to transfer these low-elevation temperatures to the elevation of the Makanaka moraines.…”

Section: Climatic Inferences From Makanaka Ice Capsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature is more useful for our purposes because we can transfer temperature from one altitude to another using lapse rates, whereas precipitation rates cannot be transferred directly because of several complicating factors, including multiple moisture sources and variable orographic effects. SSTs in the tropical North Pacific were inferred from alkenones in marine sediments from two piston cores -PC17 and PC20 -located off Kahe Point on the southwestern shore of O'ahu (Lee and Slowey, 1999;Lee et al, 2001). …”

Section: Geometry Of Makanaka Ice Caps (From Moraine Locations)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Away from the coasts, however, evidence of such teleconnections is lacking. Marine sedimentation rates in the interior North Pacific are low, the deep waters are corrosive to calcium carbonate, and few opportunities exist to obtain terrestrial climate records (Lee and Slowey, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we used cosmogenic 36 Cl surface-exposure dating to develop a new chronology for moraines and other landforms associated with the last two glacial expansions on Mauna Kea. Then, we developed high-elevation temperature and precipitation estimates for the Makanaka glaciations that are based on a glacier mass balance model for Mauna Kea, our glacial chronology, a pollen-based record of air temperatures from the nearby island of O'ahu (Hotchkiss and Juvik, 1999), an alkenone-derived record of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) from the subtropical North Pacific (Lee and Slowey, 1999;Lee et al, 2001) and temperature lapse rates that include a new correction for atmospheric moisture. Finally, we analysed spatial patterns of precipitation during glacial times and speculate on the origin of moisture that caused precipitation sufficient to grow and maintain ice caps on Mauna Kea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ages and inferred causes of Late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i

Pigati

Zréda

Zweck

et al. 2008

J Quaternary Science

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Glacial landforms on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i, show that the summit area of the volcano was covered intermittently by ice caps during the Late Pleistocene. Cosmogenic 36 Cl dating of terminal moraines and other glacial landforms indicates that the last two ice caps, called Older Makanaka and Younger Makanaka, retreated from their maximum positions approximately 23 ka and 13 ka, respectively. The margins and equilibrium line altitudes of these ice caps on the remote, tropical Pacific island were nearly identical, which would seem to imply the same mechanism for ice growth. But modelling of glacier mass balance, combined with palaeotemperature proxy data from the subtropical North Pacific, suggests that the causes of the two glacial expansions may have been different. Older Makanaka air atop Mauna Kea was likely wetter than today and cold, whereas Younger Makanaka times were slightly warmer but significantly wetter than the previous glaciation. The modelled increase in precipitation rates atop Mauna Kea during the Late Pleistocene is consistent with that near sea level inferred from pollen data, which suggests that the additional precipitation was due to more frequent and/or intense tropical storms associated with eastward-moving cold fronts. These conditions were similar to modern La Niñ a (weak ENSO) conditions, but persisted for millennia rather than years. Increased precipitation rates and the resulting steeper temperature lapse rates created glacial conditions atop Mauna Kea in the absence of sufficient cooling at sea level, suggesting that if similar correlations existed elsewhere in the tropics, the precipitation-dependent lapse rates could reconcile the apparent difference between glacial-time cooling of the tropics at low and high altitudes.

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Section: Climatic Inferences From Makanaka Ice Capsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Inferences From Makanaka Ice Capsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometry Of Makanaka Ice Caps (From Moraine Locations)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ages and inferred causes of Late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i

Pigati

Zréda

Zweck

et al. 2008

J Quaternary Science

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Role and Importance of Paleohydrology in the Study of Climate Change and Variability

Ekwurzel

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Paleohydrology has advanced our understanding of climate by uncovering the variability of the prehistoric water cycle. Various proxy records provide insight into aspects of the hydrologic cycle that occurred before the instrumental record and allow for paleoclimate reconstructions locally or over large regions. For example, geomorphologic methods can quantify megafloods; coral or sediment core methods create paleodischarge records; rodent middens archive changes in precipitation volume and temperature; closed‐basin lake level fluctuations offer quantitative evidence of changes in water balance, and tree‐rings provide a high‐resolution archive of precipitation or drought. This article reviews representative examples from the field of paleohydrology and demonstrates the role each has played in enhancing our understanding of climate variability.

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A Late-Quaternary Pollen Record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Hotchkiss

Juvik

1999

Quat. res.

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A pollen record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i contains evidence for changes in vegetation and climate since about 28,000 14C yr B.P. Zone 1 (ca. 28,100–ca. 22,800 14C yr B.P.) has pollen of dry to mesic forest species, including Pipturus-type, Dodonaea viscosa, Acacia koa, Chenopodium oahuense, Claoxylon sandwicense, Myrsine, and Metrosideros-type. In zone 2 (ca. 22,800–ca. 16,200 14C yr B.P.) Myrsine and Coprosma increase, with herbs, fern allies, and Grammitidaceae suggesting open canopies. Zone 3 (ca. 16,200–ca. 9700 14C yr B.P.) has pollen of wet forest species, including Freycinetia arborea, abundant Pritchardia, and Metrosideros-type. Zone 4 (ca. 9700–ca. 7000 14C yr B.P.) is similar, with less Pritchardia and more Metrosideros-type.Climate reconstruction was based on modern climatic ranges of flowering plants and an index derived from abundance of pollen in surface samples. Both methods agree on a qualitative reconstruction, although the ages are poorly constrained: 28,000–25,000 14C yr B.P. cool and dry; 25,000–23,000 14C yr B.P. dry and warmer; 23,000–20,000 14C yr B.P. moderately dry with declining temperature; 20,000–16,000 14C yr B.P. moderately dry and cool; 16,000–9000 14C yr B.P. warm and wet; 9000–7000 14C yr B.P. warm and possibly drier. Lower precipitation at Ka‘au Crater during the late glacial period and last glacial maximum is consistent with the interpretation that the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone was south of its present position. The pollen-derived temperature index yields an estimate of 3°–5°C temperature depression during the last glacial maximum.

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Cool surface waters of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean during the last glacial

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Ages and inferred causes of Late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i

Ages and inferred causes of Late Pleistocene glaciations on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i

Role and Importance of Paleohydrology in the Study of Climate Change and Variability

A Late-Quaternary Pollen Record from Ka‘au Crater, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

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