Cool‐Season Grasses for Humid Areas

Casler, Michael D.; Kallenbach, Robert L.; Brink, G. E.

doi:10.1002/9781119436669.ch16

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Smooth bromegrass has a wide distribution across the northern United States and into southern Canada. It prefers deep, well‐drained silt loam or clay loam soils, survives prolonged periods of drought, and tolerates cold, winter climates (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). It produces tremendous growth in spring, particularly with N fertilizer inputs (Guretzky et al., 2013; Snell et al., 2014) but will go dormant in hot, dry summers (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It prefers deep, well‐drained silt loam or clay loam soils, survives prolonged periods of drought, and tolerates cold, winter climates (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). It produces tremendous growth in spring, particularly with N fertilizer inputs (Guretzky et al., 2013; Snell et al., 2014) but will go dormant in hot, dry summers (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). Interseeding perennial legumes like alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), and birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) would improve spatial and temporal distribution of forage (Harmoney et al., 2001) and dietary nutritive value (Schick et al., 2019), but dry soil conditions and grass competition often limits their establishment (Groya & Sheaffer, 1981; Guretzky et al., 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tall fescue has a wide distribution predominating in a transition zone from North to South in the eastern United States (Baron & Bélanger, 2007). It overlaps with the adaptation zone of smooth bromegrass to the North and West (Baron & Bélanger, 2007), but smooth bromegrass better tolerates cold (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). Tall fescue persists throughout the transition zone due largely to its adaptability to a wide range of soil conditions and tolerances to heat and overgrazing (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It overlaps with the adaptation zone of smooth bromegrass to the North and West (Baron & Bélanger, 2007), but smooth bromegrass better tolerates cold (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). Tall fescue persists throughout the transition zone due largely to its adaptability to a wide range of soil conditions and tolerances to heat and overgrazing (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). After about two‐thirds of its annual growth in spring, tall fescue production becomes limited until fall (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tall fescue persists throughout the transition zone due largely to its adaptability to a wide range of soil conditions and tolerances to heat and overgrazing (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). After about two‐thirds of its annual growth in spring, tall fescue production becomes limited until fall (Casler & Kallenbach, 2007). Although interseeding sorghum–sudangrass did not consistently improve mid‐summer nutritive value and yields (Table 2), it did increase late summer CP and IVOMD yields (Table 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

et al. 2021

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Interseeding annual warm-season grasses into pastures often increases forage accumulation. Yet, impacts on nutritive value and yields remain unreported. We analyzed forage collected from five Nebraska and Kansas experiments in 2015-2016 (eight environments) for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations and yields. Each experiment subjected perennial cool-season grasses to two harvest frequencies (once at 90 d and twice at 45 and 90 d after interseeding) and four interseeded annual warm-season grass types-pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud) de Wet & Harlan], a sorghumsudangrass hybrid (S. bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense), and an unseeded control. Across environments, 90-d CP and IVOMD concentrations increased while CP and IVOMD yields decreased in interseeded pastures when harvested twice, indicating presence of nutritive value-yield tradeoffs. Pastures interseeded with sorghumsudangrass had greater 90-d IVOMD concentrations and CP and IVOMD yields when harvested once but only greater 90-d IVOMD concentrations when harvested twice compared to unseeded pastures. Interseeding sorghum-sudangrass provided an effective strategy to increase CP and IVOMD yields in late summer in humid environments with tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] and in mid-and late summer in humid environments with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and semiarid environments with western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve]. Interseeding annual warm-season grasses did not consistently increase CP and IVOMD yields in semiarid environments with smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass [Agropyrum cristatum (L.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

et al. 2021

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Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks

Ribeiro,

Miquilini,

Lyon

et al. 2023

Grass and Forage Science

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Natural soil inundation caused by frequent and intense precipitation affects carbon allocation in grassland biomass, ultimately leading to changes in soil carbon storage. Increasing forage diversity could provide resiliency to inundation of grassland. The objective was to evaluate forage and root biomass and C and N stocks in the soil particulate organic matter (POM) from pastures under recurring short‐term inundation. Three forage species combinations were evaluated in an inundated (typically lasting for a few days after heavy rain events) and a non‐inundated pasture: (1) predominantly tall‐fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); (2) mixture of cool‐season perennials composed of tall‐fescue, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); (3) and cool‐season mixture of perennials overseeded with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Roots and forage biomass were sampled during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. Soil POM was evaluated 2.5 years after establishment. Inundation reduced forage and root biomass mainly during periods of higher inundation frequency, leading to lower C‐POM stocks (p < .05). Inundation caused a shift in the forage botanical composition, that is, higher occurrence of weeds and less productive grass species with shallow roots. The perennial cool‐season mixture did not increase forage yield compared with tall fescue only but did increase root mass. This occurred mainly at deeper layers and, consequently, increased C‐POM stocks (p < .05). Overseeding of winter annuals reduced overall forage production, despite increasing spring biomass when inundated in the first year, but reduced C and N‐POM stocks (p < .05). Perennial cool‐season forage mixtures can increase the resilience of pastures to inundation events and contribute to increased carbon sequestration in grasslands where inundation is prevalent.

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Interaction of metsulfuron and nitrogen fertilizer in Tall Fescue forage systems

Adams¹

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Tall Fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is an introduced cool-season bunch grass that is a vital component of forage systems that support beef cattle production in Missouri and much of the eastern United States. This cool-season grass is known for its high forage yield and resistance to environmental stressors such as drought, pest, and grazing. The resilience of tall fescue to stress is attributed to a symbiotic relationship with the fungal endophyte Epichloe coenophiala, which produces ergot-like alkaloids that can negatively impact livestock performance. Replacement of alkaloid producing tall fescue cultivars, such as K31, has been suggested as a strategy to reduce ergot-like alkaloid consumption by livestock; however, this requires extensive resources and time. It has been reported to cost $250 to $400 per acre to replace tall fescue, with an additional 18 months of no grazing while new species emerge. Most current research efforts have focused on managing tall fescue to reduce toxicity risk by decreasing amounts of alkaloids consumed by livestock. Removing parts of the plant, such as the stems and seedheads, that contain greater concentrations of alkaloids by physical or chemical seedhead suppression has proven to be a successful strategy. A metsulfuron herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pastures grazed by stocker cattle for three years to evaluate impacts on toxicity and productivity of the forage system. Metsulfuron herbicide reduced seedhead density by 80 percent and decreased ergovaline production; however, this management strategy also caused a decrease in forage yield. Nitrogen fertilizer recovered forage yield losses due to metsulfuron herbicide. Seedhead reduction in response to metsulfuron has potential for reducing alkaloid exposure when grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue.

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Cool‐Season Grasses for Humid Areas

Cited by 3 publications

References 82 publications

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses into pastures: Forage nutritive value and yields

Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks

Interaction of metsulfuron and nitrogen fertilizer in Tall Fescue forage systems

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