Cool-Season Annuals for Supplementing Perennial Pasture on Beef Cow-Calf Productivity

DeRouen, S. M.; Prichard, D. L.; Baker, F. S.; Stanley, R. L.

doi:10.2134/jpa1991.0481

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The hot and dry periods during the summer prevent or impede persistence of cool‐season perennial grasses in the lower southeastern U.S. Cool‐season annuals such as small grains, annual ryegrass, and legumes are frequently overseeded into warm‐season perennial grass pastures in autumn to move closer to a year‐round growing season. The cool‐season forages provide winter and spring grazing that reduce the need for stored forages (2); have a higher nutritive value that results in better animal performance than warm‐season grasses (3); provide spring weed control (4); and, if a legume, adds nitrogen to the pasture system (5). The overseeding of warm‐season perennial grasses avoids erosion since there is no deep tillage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Guide to Overseeding Warm-Season Perennial Grasses with Cool-Season Annuals

Evers¹

2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Guide to Overseeding Warm-Season Perennial Grasses with Cool-Season Annuals

Evers¹

2005

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“…ers in the southern United States still winter cows primarily with hay plus a concentrate-based, high-CP supplement. Complementary forage systems based on warm-season perennial grasses and cool-season annual grasses have shown promise as a method of providing supplemental nutrients and decreasing hay requirements (Utley and McCormick, 1978;Hill et al, 1985;DeRouen et al, 1991). The common advantages noted in these reports are extension of the grazing season and decreased days and quantities of hay feeding required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…extended the number of available grazing days/ha from 178 to 240. Studies in northern Florida that evaluated the use of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.) with crimson (Trifo-lium incarnatum L.) and arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) clover as a supplement to Argentine bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) hay (DeRouen et al, 1991) demonstrated that winter-annual pasture grazing could decrease winter hay DMI by as much as 30% compared to bahiagrass hay plus a concentratebased protein supplement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-annual pasture as a supplement for beef cows

Gunter¹,

Cassida²,

Beck³

et al. 2002

Journal of Animal Science

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In each of two experiments, 120 pregnant beef cows were stratified by body condition score, BW, breed, and age, randomly divided into six groups of 20, and assigned to one of six 5.1-ha bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pastures (two replicates/ treatment) in early January to evaluate the use of winter-annual pasture as a supplement. All cows in Exp. 1 and 2 had ad libitum access to bermudagrass/dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) hay plus three treatments: 1) a concentrate-based supplement fed 3 d/wk, 2) limit grazing on winter-annual pasture 2 d/wk (7 hr/ d; 0.04 ha x cow(-1) x grazing d(-1)), or 3) limit grazing on winter-annual pasture 3 d/wk (7 hr/d; 0.04 ha x cow(-1) x grazing d(-1)) sod-seeded into a portion of the pasture until mid-May. The seeded portion of pastures in Exp. 1 was planted with a mixture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.), but annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was added to the seed mixture in Exp. 2. In mid-May, cows were blocked by treatment and the previous sorting factors, randomly assigned to six new groups of 20, and placed on the six perennial pastures until calves were weaned. Groups of cows were exposed to a bull for 60 d beginning in mid-May. In Exp. 1 and 2, limit-grazing winter-annual pasture compared to the concentrate-based supplement or limit grazing 2 vs 3 d/wk did not affect (P > 0.15) cow BW. In Exp. 1, cows limit grazed on winter-annual pasture had a lower (P = 0.05) body condition score than cows fed the concentrate-based supplement in the early spring. However, in Exp. 2, cows limit grazed on winter-annual pasture had higher (P < or = 0.07) body condition score than cows fed the concentrate-based supplement. The conception rate of cows in Exp. 1 and 2 did not differ (P > 0.22) between cows fed concentrate-based supplements and cows limit grazed on winter-annual pasture. In Exp. 2, cows limit grazed 2 d/wk tended to have a greater (P = 0.10) conception rate than cows limit grazed 3 d/wk. In Exp. 1 and 2, birth weight, total gain, BW, and ADG of calves were not affected (P > 0.15) by treatment. We conclude that wheat and rye pasture is a marginal supplement for lactating beef cows. However, cows limit grazed 2 d/wk on winter-annual pasture of wheat, rye, and annual ryegrass as a supplement maintained BW and body condition score as well as cows fed the concentrate-based supplement. But, grazing pasture 3 vs 2 d/wk did not seem to affect performance of cows.

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“…Coats (1957) found that crops drilled into permanent pastures offer an excellent opportunity for extending the grazing season and for producing hay or grain from pastureland that would otherwise be left idle during the winter months. Overseeding warm-season perennial grasses with cool-season annuals is a common practice in the southeastern United States to extend the grazing season and thereby reduce the winter feeding period, which is the greatest expense for maintaining beef cattle throughout the year (DeRouen, Prichard, Baker, Jr., & Stanley, Jr., 1991;Mooso, Feazel, & Morrison, 1990). Grazing these sod-seeded forages offers the potential to improve land use efficiency (Moyer, Coffey, Brazle, & Schneider, 1995) and to improve animal gains relative to gains expected from cattle grazing other dormant forages during the winter (Ellis & Lippke, 1976;Wilkinson & Stuedemann, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grazing these sod-seeded forages offers the potential to improve land use efficiency (Moyer, Coffey, Brazle, & Schneider, 1995) and to improve animal gains relative to gains expected from cattle grazing other dormant forages during the winter (Ellis & Lippke, 1976;Wilkinson & Stuedemann, 1983). The cool-season forages provide winter and spring grazing that reduce the need for stored forages (DeRouen, Prichard, Baker, Jr., & Stanley, Jr., 1991); have a greater nutritive value that results in better animal performance than warm-season grasses (Ellis & Lippke, 1976); provide spring weed control (Evers, 1983); and, if a legume, adds nitrogen to the pasture system (Evers, 1985). Seasonal forage production from winter annual forages varies considerably across forages and climatic conditions, and interseeding these forages into sods of warm season perennial grasses generally increases this variability (Moyer & Coffey, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Timing of Urea Application or Red Clover Incorporation on Forage and Animal Production

Scaglia¹

2020

SAR

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Efficient use of land resources is a major objective for beef cattle producers. Incorporating high nutritive value forages into warm perennial grasses, increases animal production and reduces hay feeding, hence reducing production costs. The moment of chemical fertilizer application or the use of clovers to provide N in pastoral systems can be possible strategies to reduce inputs and decrease negative effects in the environment (N losses through leaching or evaporation) without affecting animal performance and gains per unit of land. In the conditions of the present experiment, the treatment with one application of N (as urea) in January (after grazing started) produced the same amount of forage, average daily gains (ADG), and gain per hectare than the treatment with two applications (November and January) at a lower cost of production. When red clover (legume) was used with annual ryegrass without any chemical fertilizer, forage and animal performance were reduced when compared to the other two treatments and cost of production was the greatest. Strategically applying N based on plant growth patterns and grazing management strategies, reduced cost of production without any impact on the animal-plant subsystem. Legumes as a source of N for annual pastures may not be enough to maintain appropriate production while seed cost should also be considered.

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Cool-Season Annuals for Supplementing Perennial Pasture on Beef Cow-Calf Productivity

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

A Guide to Overseeding Warm-Season Perennial Grasses with Cool-Season Annuals

A Guide to Overseeding Warm-Season Perennial Grasses with Cool-Season Annuals

Winter-annual pasture as a supplement for beef cows

Effect of Timing of Urea Application or Red Clover Incorporation on Forage and Animal Production

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