Cool Pavements As a Sustainable Approach to Green Streets and Highways

How Can the Floor Area Types of a University Campus Mitigate the Increase of Urban Air Temperature?

“…Conversely, the absence of consistent vegetated areas in Oriani and the large asphalt area in Ravasi made them the worst University zones for climate change mitigation. This is in line with other authors that found it is extremely important to provide green areas in urban landscapes (Takebayashi and Moriyama 2009;Lee et al 2010;Kong et al 2014;Mariani et al 2016;Yao et al 2019;Tan et al 2021), especially if they are numerous, large, or fragmented (Kong et al 2014;Chen and You 2020). This management also helps the mitigation of air temperatures of surrounding surfaces (Kong et al 2014).…”

“…Few works listed the prices of materials for urban building and green planning, probably because the costs are very susceptible to the local economics, and thus highly variable. Lee et al (2010) listed some general costs for American surfaces that is quite dated. Also Bretz et al (1998) listed prices for higher albedo materials despite them being dated and focused on the light additives of roofs (which is not the object of this study).…”

“…On one hand, certain anthropized material (cool pavements) guarantees no future management, but on the other hand, green management is less expensive but requires maintenance (Takebayashi and Moriyama 2009). Probably, the most reasonable choice would be to use concrete in small blocks and as much white as possible (Lee et al 2010) to maintain the same cost. These could be used for parking areas, pathways or any trampled surface.…”

A review on the development of cool pavements to mitigate urban heat island effect

“…When dirt, soil, or gravel is used as infill, this system may have very negligible cooling effect and may be thermally similar as a concrete pavement. When grass is used as infill, the grass fosters transpiration and its roots convey moisture from deeper soil to the surface to evaporate and cool the pavements [61][62][63][64]. Typically, these porous pavers include reinforced turf or grass paving, plastic Geocells with grass, and open-celled paving grids with grass [61].…”

Evaluation of Microclimate Benefits Due to Cool Pavements and Green Infrastructures on Urban Heat Islands

“…Albedo is the ability to reflect the incident radiation [46]. It assumes values between 0 and 1, in which 0 is an ideal black surface that absorbs all incident radiation and 1 corresponds to a white surface that reflects all incident radiation [47]. Emissivity is the fraction of energy radiated compared to the one radiated by a black body; it ranges between 0 and 1, showing its resemblance to the black body.…”