Cooking rice in excess water reduces both arsenic and enriched vitamins in the cooked grain

Gray, Patrick J.; Conklin, Sean D.; Todorov, Todor I.; Kasko, Sasha M.

doi:10.1080/19440049.2015.1103906

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, this can also result in losses of nutrients such as iron, folate, niacin and thiamine, but more so for polished and parboiled varieties than for wholegrain brown rice (Gray et al . ). Hence, consumers may wish to consider both the variety of rice and cooking methods if attempting to reduce arsenic concentrations in rice (BNF ).…”

Section: Strategies To Mitigate Risk Of Contaminants In Grains To Hummentioning

confidence: 97%

Wholegrains and health: Many benefits but do contaminants pose any risk?

Nugent

Thielecke

2019

Nutrition Bulletin

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Since pre‐historic times, humans have consumed grains as part of their diet. Being rich in carbohydrates, grains typically form a key part of all food‐based dietary guidelines, with wholegrains recommended as healthy dietary choices. However, grains are also exposed to contaminants from air, soil, water, insects, animals, microbes, humans, storage and shipping containers, and handling and processing equipment and can be one of the main dietary sources of food‐borne contaminants by virtue of their frequent consumption. Recent scientific reports positively highlight wholegrains as foods with inherent health properties, which, because they provide fibre and micronutrients such as B vitamins and zinc, can improve the quality of carbohydrate intake as part of sustainable, healthy diets. This article describes potential health‐protective properties inherent to wholegrains and contends that the presence of contaminants in wholegrains, including mycotoxins, heavy metals and acrylamide, merits continued monitoring but that any such risk does not outweigh the known benefits of wholegrain consumption.

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Section: Strategies To Mitigate Risk Of Contaminants In Grains To Hummentioning

confidence: 97%

Wholegrains and health: Many benefits but do contaminants pose any risk?

Nugent

Thielecke

2019

Nutrition Bulletin

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“…Unfortunately, rinsing rice had little impact; however, cooking rice in excess water (6–10 parts water to 1 part rice) and draining excess water is reported to reduce arsenic levels somewhat [ 126 ]. Rice grain type appears to impact somewhat, with a 40% decrease in arsenic content observed following cooking of long grain polished rice in excess water, while reductions of 60% and 50% were reported for parboiled and brown rice [ 127 ]. Of note, iron, folate, niacin and thiamin contents were also reduced by 50–70% for the polished and parboiled varieties, but significantly less with the whole grain brown rice [ 127 ].…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminants in Grain—A Major Risk for Whole Grain Safety?

Thielecke

Nugent²

2018

Nutrients

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Grains are the main energy and carbohydrate sources for human nutrition globally. Governmental and non-governmental authorities recommend whole grains as a healthy food choice. The role of contaminants in (whole) grains and how to mitigate any potential risk following their consumption has not been reported. With this narrative review, we shed light on the potential human health risk from contaminants in whole grains and elaborate strategies to mitigate such risk. We found that grains represent a significant source of food-borne contaminants, the main ones being; mycotoxins including (A) aflatoxin B1; (B) ochratoxin A; (C) fumonisin B1; (D) deoxynivalenol; (E) zearalenone; toxic metals like arsenic, cadmium and lead; as well as process contaminants such as acrylamide. Whole grains usually contain more contaminants than refined products. However, whole grains also provide more nutrients that may reduce the impact of these contaminants. Strict regulatory thresholds aim to minimize the risk of contaminants to public health. The consumer can further impact on the mitigation of any risk by eating a healthy diet filled with nutrient-dense foods such as whole grains and probiotics. The risk posed by contaminants from whole grains do not outweigh the known nutritional benefits of whole grain consumption.

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“…Various foodprocessing operations include sorting, trimming, cleaning, cooking, baking, frying, roasting, flaking, and extrusion that have variable effects on mycotoxins [100]. Cooking rice in excess water efficiently reduces the amount of arsenic (As) in the cooked grain [101].…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Residues in Food Grains: The Burning Health Issues in Asian Countries

2019

JAHR

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Food security is a high-priority issue for sustainable global development both quantitatively and qualitatively. Once pesticides are applied, residues may be found in soil, on plant, on harvested product, on application equipment, in water and irrigation canals, in pesticide storage area, on cloth of applicant. Short term poisoning effects like nausea, vomiting, headache, chest pain, eye, skin and throat irritation etc. and potential long-term health effect like allergies, cancer, nervous system damage, birth defects, reproductive problem have been reported in recent decades, adverse effects of unexpected contaminants on crop quality have threatened both food security and human health. Heavy metals, metalloids (e.g., Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) from pesticides and fertilizers can jeopardize human metabolomics, contributing to morbidity and even mortality. Those during crop production include soil nutrient depletion, water depletion, soil and water contamination, and pest resistance/outbreaks and the emergence of new pests and diseases.

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Cooking rice in excess water reduces both arsenic and enriched vitamins in the cooked grain

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Wholegrains and health: Many benefits but do contaminants pose any risk?

Wholegrains and health: Many benefits but do contaminants pose any risk?

Contaminants in Grain—A Major Risk for Whole Grain Safety?

Chemical Residues in Food Grains: The Burning Health Issues in Asian Countries

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