Cooked pork-derived exosome nanovesicles mediate metabolic disorder—microRNA could be the culprit

Abstract

In this study, exosomes from cooked meat were extracted by ultra-high-speed centrifugation. Approximately 80% of exosome vesicles were within 20–200 nm. In addition, the surface biomarkers of isolated exosomes were evaluated using flow cytometry. Further studies showed the exosomal microRNA profiles were different among cooked porcine muscle, fat and liver. Cooked pork-derived exosomes were chronically administered to ICR mice by drinking for 80 days. The mice plasma levels of miR-1, miR-133a-3p, miR-206 and miR-99a were increased to varying degrees after drinking exosome enriched water. Furthermore, GTT and ITT results confirmed an abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in mice. Moreover, the lipid droplets were significantly increased in the mice liver. A transcriptome analysis performed with mice liver samples identified 446 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis found that DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways. Overall, the results suggest that microRNAs derived form cooked pork may function as a critical regulator of metabolic disorder in mice.

Stability of Blueberry Extracellular Vesicles and Their Gene Regulation Effects in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

“…Our result was similar to the report of Li et al [ 23 ], which suggested that EVs could be found in traditional Chinese medicine boiled with water for 30 min, and lipids, small molecule metabolites, proteins, and sRNAs could also be detected after boiling. EVs were also found in cooked pork [ 24 ] and roasted hot coffee beverages [ 25 ], indicating that, although they were from different sources, EVs generally had a good resistance to heat treatments. Some studies suggested that the interaction between endogenous miRNAs and exosomes might promote the stability of miRNAs during heat treatment [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Dietary Epigenetic Modulators: Unravelling the Still-Controversial Benefits of miRNAs in Nutrition and Disease

“…The effects of the chronic administration of cooked pork-derived exosomal vesicles were evaluated in mouse model [ 22 ]. The upregulated miR-1, miR-133a-3p, miR-206 and miR-99a plasma levels resulted in glucose and insulin metabolism impairment, as well as in lipid droplet accrual in mice liver, supporting the role of pork-derived miRNAs in the development of metabolic disorders ( Figure 1 ) [ 22 ]. The bta-miR-154c has been recently characterized by comestible parts of beef.…”

“…In addition, the biological and functional role of dietary miRNAs from different sources in human health is still controversial. Different milk-derived miRNAs have been reported to modulate oncogenic and adipogenic pathways, promoting the development of B-cell lymphoma, hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancer [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 ], as well as the ginger-related miRNA has been associated with colitis development [ 64 ] and the pork-derived miRNAs to the development of metabolic disorders in mice [ 22 ]. The evaluation of food-derived xenomiRNA effects cannot refrain from considering the co-existence of a great variety of dietary bioactive compounds.…”

MicroRNAs and the Mediterranean diet: a nutri-omics perspective for lung cancer

“…It is imperative to note that this complex web of interactions is further influenced by cooking. Exosomes derived from cooked pork, for instance, carrying liver pork-derived miR-122, can induce insulin resistance and metabolic disorder in the liver by affecting the PPAR signaling pathway [ 124 ]. Together, these studies highlight how diet can influence human health by either introducing exogenous food-derived miRNAs into our body, or by altering endogenous miRNAs expression.…”