Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania

Achatz, Johannes; Hooge, Matthew D.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1362.1.1

Cited by 8 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(l) Polychoerus ebenhochi (3 mm). (a, b, f, i and l) Modified from Achatz et al. (2007); (c and e) modified from Achatz (2008); (d) modified from Achatz et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2007); (c and e) modified from Achatz (2008); (d) modified from Achatz et al. (2005); (g, h, j and k) modified from Achatz and Hooge (2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were then shipped in filtered seawater to the lab where they were dehydrated with acetone and embedded in EMBed/Araldite epoxy resin. All other specimens were collected, fixed, and embedded as described in the original species descriptions (see Table S1) except Convoluta thela Antonius 1968; and Heterochaerus australis Haswell, 1904, which were processed according to Achatz and Hooge (2006), and Picola renei , which was processed according to Achatz (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic revision of acoels with 9+0 sperm ultrastructure (Convolutida) and the influence of sexual conflict on morphology

Achatz

Hooge

Wållberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

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We have used newly discerned morphological characters as well as molecular-sequence data from 18S and 28S rDNA to revise the families recently designated as the Ô9+0Õ acoels -what we call Convolutida. Characters from the ultrastructure of sperm, with their Ô9+0Õ axonemes, are useful in delineating the Convolutida, but are either species-specific or too conserved within the group to be used to infer relationships within it. Male genital organs, prostatoid organs, and sagittocysts, on the other hand, give a good phylogenetic signal for reconstructing relationships of such genera as Conaperta, Anaperus, and Achoerus; some features of the reproductive organs correlate with habitat and show how the Convolutida probably originated as epiphytic predators and radiated into the mesopsammon, pelagic, and coral-associated realms. In this revision of the Convolutida we provide revised synopses of its families -which we restrict to the Anaperidae, Convolutidae, and Sagittiferidae -and describe a new species, Polychoerus gordoni, from New Zealand. We transfer the genus Adenopea from the Antroposthiidae to the Convolutidae; Conaperta, Neochildia, and Oxyposthia from the Convolutidae to the Anaperidae; Paranaperus and Praeanaperus from the Anaperidae to the Haploposthiidae. Convoluta aegyptica is synonymized with Convoluta boehmigi, Convoluta lacazii with Convoluta sordida, and the genus Picola (Convolutidae) with Deuterogonaria (Haploposthiidae). Amphiscolops blumi, A. carvalhoi, and A. langerhansi, all of which possess a cellular seminal bursa, are transferred to the genus Heterochaerus. Convoluta elegans and Pseudanaperus tinctus are classified as nomina nuda. We use our findings on the ultrastructure of female genital organs and spermatozoa to show that sexual conflict plays a major role in the evolution of diversity of these structures and that the phylogeny of the Acoela would comprise early forms without female genital organs and hyper-or hypodermal transfer of sperm through advanced forms with ever longer and narrower bursal nozzles and sperm with axial microtubules. Moreover, our results show that the acquisition of endosymbiotic algae happened at least twice within the Acoela.

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“…(l) Polychoerus ebenhochi (3 mm). (a, b, f, i and l) Modified from Achatz et al. (2007); (c and e) modified from Achatz (2008); (d) modified from Achatz et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2007); (c and e) modified from Achatz (2008); (d) modified from Achatz et al. (2005); (g, h, j and k) modified from Achatz and Hooge (2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic revision of acoels with 9+0 sperm ultrastructure (Convolutida) and the influence of sexual conflict on morphology

Achatz

Hooge

Wållberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

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“…4D). The seminal bursa, which is slightly anterior to the gonopore is unpigmented and attached via connective tissue to a sac-like structure that is sometimes called the vestibulum (Achatz and Hooge, 2006). There is a tubular structure made of protein extending dorsolaterally from the bursa and extending the length of this vestibulum in transverse sections (Fig.…”

Section: Morphological Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rhabdoids appear as large structures 20-50 μm in length, while the rhabdoids observed in the specimens described here were cyanophilic and did not exceed 10 μm. Achatz and Hooge (2006) describe a new Convolutidae specimen from the genus Amphiscolops and discuss the possibility of rhabdoids dissolving with the distal tips remaining. However, nothing resembling the distal tips of rhabdoids was observed.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flatworm from the GenusWaminoa(Acoela: Convolutidae) Associated with Bleached Corals in Western Australia

et al. 2015

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A flatworm isolated from bleached colonies of the coral Coscinaraea marshae at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, is described using a combination of morphological and molecular systematics. This flatworm shares morphological features characteristic of the genus Waminoa (Acoelomorpha: Acoela), including the presence of two algal symbionts, but appears to have genital regions different from those of other described species of Waminoa. The design of new oligonucleotide primers enabled the amplification of partial 18S rDNA of the Rottnest Island acoel specimens, and phylogenetic analysis positioned them within Waminoa, confirming their placement in the genus. Furthermore, Waminoa specimens from Rottnest Island grouped into a sister clade to Waminoa brickneri, indicating that the morphological and genetic differences observed are most likely intraspecific and due to geographic variation. As such, we name these Rottnest Island specimens W. cf. brickneri, but highlight that key differences warrant further exploration before assignment to this species can be confirmed. This is the first acoel flatworm described from Western Australia and contributes to our understanding of the diversity and evolutionary relationship of the Acoela.

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Convolutriloba macropyga sp. nov., an uncommonly fecund acoel (Acoelomorpha) discovered in tropical aquaria

Shannon

Achatz

2007

Zootaxa

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A new species of Convolutriloba Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988, collected from an aquarium in Marietta, Georgia, USA, and cultured at the University of Georgia comprises exceptionally large individuals, up to 10 mm in length. Like other members of the genus, Convolutriloba macropyga sp. nov. reproduces asexually and possesses symbiotic zoochlorellae, but it also routinely reproduces sexually, laying relatively large eggs that hatch into aposymbiotic juveniles with a statocyst and frontal organ ( which are absent in the adults). C. macropyga has a narrow tolerance for extremes of temperature and salinity: it cannot survive outside of a temperature range of 18–28 degrees C and suffers 50% lethality at salinity as low as 24 ppt and as high as 44 ppt. It cannot survive total darkness for longer than 23–26 days, even with prey provided, suggesting an obligate symbiosis with its algal endosymbiont. A method for inducing sexual reproduction in other convolutrilobids is presented, as are suggestions for successful shipping of these acoels.

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Convolutidae (Acoela) from Tanzania

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Systematic revision of acoels with 9+0 sperm ultrastructure (Convolutida) and the influence of sexual conflict on morphology

Systematic revision of acoels with 9+0 sperm ultrastructure (Convolutida) and the influence of sexual conflict on morphology

A Flatworm from the GenusWaminoa(Acoela: Convolutidae) Associated with Bleached Corals in Western Australia

Convolutriloba macropyga sp. nov., an uncommonly fecund acoel (Acoelomorpha) discovered in tropical aquaria

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