Convex Relaxation of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System Models With Complementarity Constraints in DC OPF

Garifi, Kaitlyn; Baker, Kyri; Christensen, Dane; Touri, Behrouz

doi:10.1109/tsg.2020.2987785

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Due to the increasing penetration of variable renewable generation, widespread concerns over reliability of power systems are being raised. Deploying battery storage systems is widely considered a solution to improve grid operations and reliability [1]. However, optimizing battery storage requires being cognizant of the dynamics of the state of charge (SoC), limits on SoC, limits on the rate of change of the SoC (i.e., power input/output), and the physical operating modes of the battery: it can either charge (i.e., consume energy) or discharge (i.e., produce energy), but not both at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guaranteeing a Physically Realizable Battery Dispatch Without Charge-Discharge Complementarity Constraints

Nazir

Almassalkhi

2023

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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The non-convex complementarity constraints present a fundamental computational challenge in energy constrained optimization problems. In this work, we present a new, linear, and robust battery optimization formulation that sidesteps the need for battery complementarity constraints and integers and prove analytically that the formulation guarantees that all energy constraints are satisfied which ensures that the optimized battery dispatch is physically realizable. In addition, we bound the worst-case model mismatch and discuss conservativeness. Simulation results further illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guaranteeing a Physically Realizable Battery Dispatch Without Charge-Discharge Complementarity Constraints

Nazir

Almassalkhi

2023

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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“…K. Garifi et. al [73] proposed a convex relaxation to neglect constraints that were enforced of charge and discharge for ESSs in a grid-connected microgrid network. The solution was through the introduction of an MPC-based DC OPF penalty improvement approach.…”

Section: Convex Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Controlling Microgrid Networks with Energy Storage Systems: A Review

2021

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Distributed Energy Storage Systems are considered key enablers in the transition from the traditional centralized power system to a smarter, autonomous, and decentralized system operating mostly on renewable energy. The control of distributed energy storage involves the coordinated management of many smaller energy storages, typically embedded within microgrids. As such, there has been much recent interest related to controlling aspects of supporting power-sharing balance and sustainability, increasing system resilience and reliability, and balancing distributed state of charge. This paper presents a comprehensive review of decentralized, centralized, multiagent, and intelligent control strategies that have been proposed to control and manage distributed energy storage. It also highlights the potential range of services that can be provided by these storages, their control complications, and proposed solutions. Specific focus on control strategies based upon multiagent communication and reinforcement learning is a main objective of this paper, reflecting recent advancements in digitalization and AI. The paper concludes with a summary of emerging areas and presents a summary of promising future directions.

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“…The relation between the battery SoC and battery power is given by (31), where ∆t is the width of the discrete time steps. In this work, we employ the simplifying assumption that VBs have unity charge/discharge efficiencies, which avoids the technicalities around simultaneous charging and discharging, which is reasonable for VBs as explained in [45] and represents ongoing work [27,46].…”

Section: Fol Multi-period Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inequalities (53)-(55) define bounds on VB apparent power, state of charge (SoC), and active power dispatch, respectively. The relation between the battery SoC and battery power is similarly given by (46). The constraints (47)-(49) are a convex relaxation of the nonlinear (3).…”

Section: Chance-constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

et al. 2020

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Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources (DERs), including smart, connected appliances and PV inverters, represent responsive grid resources that can provide flexibility to support the DSO in actively managing their networks to facilitate reliability under extreme levels of solar PV. This flexibility can also be used to optimize system operations with respect to economic signals from wholesale energy and ancillary service markets. Here, we present a novel hierarchical scheme that actively controls behind-the-meter DERs to reliably manage each unbalanced distribution feeder and exploits the available flexibility to ensure reliable operation and economically optimizes the entire distribution network. Each layer of the scheme employs advanced optimization methods at different timescales to ensure that the system operates within both grid and device limits. The hierarchy is validated in a large-scale realistic simulation based on data from the industry. Simulation results show that coordination of flexibility improves both system reliability and economics, and enables greater penetration of solar PV. Discussion is also provided on the practical viability of the required communications and controls to implement the presented scheme within a large DSO.

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Convex Relaxation of Grid-Connected Energy Storage System Models With Complementarity Constraints in DC OPF

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Guaranteeing a Physically Realizable Battery Dispatch Without Charge-Discharge Complementarity Constraints

Guaranteeing a Physically Realizable Battery Dispatch Without Charge-Discharge Complementarity Constraints

Strategies for Controlling Microgrid Networks with Energy Storage Systems: A Review

Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems

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