Converting Simulated Sodium-bearing Waste into a Single Solid Waste Form by Evaporation: Laboratory- and Pilot-Scale Test Results on Recycling Evaporator Overheads

Griffith, David E.; Griffith, D. L.; Kirkham, R.J.; Olson, Lonnie G.; Losinski, S.J.

doi:10.2172/910630

Cited by 4 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…No liquid was found in any of the drums (Griffith, 2004). Thus the risk of corrosion of canisters due to acidic liquids is very small.…”

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The second and third series of pilot tests (Griffith, 2003b;Griffith, 2004) demonstrated that the fraction of feed evaporated, and hence the bottoms composition, correlated with the bottoms temperature. The bottoms temperature, and hence the product composition, can thus be controlled by controlling the steam pressure.…”

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the pilot tests that included solids or magnesium oxide in the test feeds, the range of product bulk density was 1.57-1.86 kg/liter (Griffith, 2004). Photos of the product produced in various tests can be found in Griffith (2004), Griffith (2003a), Griffith (2003b) and Kirkham (2003).…”

Section: 432mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tests have thus demonstrated a means of controlling the water content of the bottoms product and ensuring that all water will be incorporated into the solid product. A collection and review of all direct evaporation test data concluded that if 55-60 wt% of SBW is removed by evaporation, the product will be an acceptable form for disposal (Kirkham, 2004). Continued observations of product up to 2 months after being generated have shown that the solid shows no tendency to reliquify or release water or acid (Griffith, 2004).…”

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sampling of the head space of cooled waste drums has shown that the head space gas contains levels of NO x of up to 100 ppm, and if the drum is purged with air and resealed, the NO x will return to approximately the same level within days (Griffith, 2004). A specific limit for NO x in the headspace has not been determined but the issue has been raised because of the possible effect it would have on the orings used in the 72B shipping cask.…”

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Barnes¹,

Olson²,

Taylor³

2004

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A Settlement Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the State of Idaho mandates treatment of sodium-bearing waste (SBW) stored at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center located within the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). One of the requirements of the Settlement Agreement is to complete treatment of SBW by December 31, 2012. Hence, SBW disposition is one of the Idaho Operation Office's (NE-ID) and State of Idaho's top priorities at the INEEL.The INEEL has been working over the past several years to identify a treatment technology that meets NE-ID and regulatory treatment requirements, including consideration of stakeholder input. Many studies, including the High-Level Waste and Facilities Disposition Environmental Impact Statement, have resulted in the identification of five treatment alternatives that form a short list of perhaps the most appropriate technologies for the DOE to select from. The alternatives are (a) calcination with maximum achievable control technology (MACT) upgrade, (b) steam reforming, (c) cesium ion exchange (CsIX) with immobilization, (d) direct evaporation, and (e) vitrification. Each alternative has undergone some degree of applied technical development and preliminary process design over the past four years.Applied technology development and preliminary process design activities have been required to provide the data necessary for informed decision making and evaluation of the treatment options. A technically defensible selection of a SBW treatment process has been a key driver for the collection of needed data. This document presents a summary of the data gathered in recent years and evaluates the technical maturity of each option by listing and discussing the identified higher-risk technical uncertainties. The SBW issue and the five alternatives are described, and their technical performance (throughputs, waste product descriptions and volumes, preliminary facility footprints, etc.) is summarized in the main body. Details of preliminary process design and applied development activities for three of the alternatives (steam reforming, CsIX with immobilization, and direct evaporation) are presented in three appendices; a recent feasibility study provides the details for calcination. There have been no recent activities performed with regard to vitrification; that section summarizes and references previous work.

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“…No liquid was found in any of the drums (Griffith, 2004). Thus the risk of corrosion of canisters due to acidic liquids is very small.…”

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 432mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 442mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Barnes¹,

Olson²,

Taylor³

2004

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MID-INFRARED VARIABILITY FROM THESPITZERDEEP WIDE-FIELD SURVEY

Kozłowski

Kochanek

Stern

et al. 2010

ApJ

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We use the multi-epoch, mid-infrared Spitzer Deep, Wide-Field Survey to investigate the variability of objects in 8.1 deg 2 of the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey Boötes field. We perform a Difference Image Analysis of the four available epochs between 2004 and 2008, focusing on the deeper 3.6 and 4.5 µm bands. Out of 474179 analyzed sources, 1.1% meet our standard variability selection criteria, that the two light curves are strongly correlated (r > 0.8) and that their joint variance (σ 12 ) exceeds that for all sources with the same magnitude by 2σ. We then examine the mid-IR colors of the variable sources and match them with X-ray sources from the XBoötes survey, radio catalogs, 24 µm selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates, and spectroscopically identified AGNs from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES). Based on their mid-IR colors, most of the variable sources are AGNs (76%), with smaller contributions from stars (11%), galaxies (6%), and unclassified objects, although most of the stellar, galaxy, and unclassified sources are false positives. For our standard selection criteria, 11%-12% of the mid-IR counterparts to X-ray sources, 24 µm AGN candidates, and spectroscopically identified AGNs show variability. The exact fractions depend on both the search depth and the selection criteria. For example, 12% of the 1131 known z > 1 AGNs in the field and 14%-17% of the known AGNs with well-measured fluxes in all four IRAC bands meet our standard selection criteria. The mid-IR AGN variability can be well described by a single powerlaw structure function with an index of γ ≈ 0.5 at both 3.6 and 4.5 µm, and an amplitude of S 0 ≃ 0.1 mag on rest-frame timescales of 2 years. The variability amplitude is higher for shorter rest-frame wavelengths and lower luminosities.

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The effects of an active galactic nucleus on host galaxy colour and morphology measurements

Pierce¹,

Lotz²,

Primack³

et al. 2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We assess the effects of simulated active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the colour and morphology measurements of their host galaxies. To test the morphology measurements, we select a sample of galaxies not known to host AGN and add a series of point sources scaled to represent specified fractions of the observed V‐band light detected from the resulting systems; we then compare morphology measurements of the simulated systems to measurements of the original galaxies. AGN contributions >rsim 20 per cent bias most of the morphology measurements tested, though the extent of the apparent bias depends on the morphological characteristics of the original galaxies. We test colour measurements by adding to non‐AGN galaxy spectra a quasar spectrum scaled to contribute specified fractions of the rest‐frame B‐band light detected from the resulting systems. A quasar fraction of 5 per cent can move the NUV −r colour of an elliptical galaxy from the ultraviolet–optical red sequence to the green valley, and 20 per cent can move it into the blue cloud. Combining the colour and morphology results, we find that a galaxy/AGN system with an AGN contribution >rsim 20 per cent may appear bluer and more bulge dominated than the underlying galaxy. We conclude that (1) bulge‐dominated, E/S0/Sa, and early‐type morphology classifications are accurate for red AGN host galaxies and may be accurate for blue host galaxies, unless the AGN manifests itself as a well‐defined point source and (2) although highly unobscured AGN, such as the quasar used for our experiments, can significantly bias the measured colours of AGN host galaxies, it is possible to identify such systems by examining optical images of the hosts for the presence of a point source and/or measuring the level of nuclear obscuration.

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Converting Simulated Sodium-bearing Waste into a Single Solid Waste Form by Evaporation: Laboratory- and Pilot-Scale Test Results on Recycling Evaporator Overheads

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

Sodium-bearing Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation Report

MID-INFRARED VARIABILITY FROM THESPITZERDEEP WIDE-FIELD SURVEY

The effects of an active galactic nucleus on host galaxy colour and morphology measurements

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