Converting Fuel‐Synthesis Process Water to Aquaculture Feed by Purple Non‐Sulfur Bacteria

Wada, Ojima Z.; Vincent, Annette S.; McKay, Gordon; Mackey, Hamish R.

doi:10.1002/ceat.202200535

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The process water was augmented with nutrients (NH 4 Cl, KH 2 PO 4 ), trace minerals and vitamin supplements. A mixed culture was used since there is a growing trend in the integration of SCP production with wastewater treatment, where PNSB-enriched systems are of interest due to the ability to enrich the target organism under non-axenic conditions easily ( Delamare-Deboutteville et al, 2019 ; Wada O. et al, 2023 ). PNSB dominance was confirmed via the distinctive reddish color of the culture and microbial community analysis using next-generation sequencing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this study aims to fill this crucial research gap by evaluating the effectiveness of various cell disruption methods, including mechanical (homogenization with mortar and pestle, bead milling), physical (thermal and sonication), chemical (alkali and EDTA), and combined treatments, specifically for quantifying protein and CoQ10 content in PNSB biomass. As PNSB biotechnology is evolving to become a more commonly explored choice for wastewater treatment and bioresource recovery of microbial protein (Wada O. Z. et al, 2023), optimizing characterization methods specifically for this organism type is crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of cell disruption methods for protein and coenzyme Q10 quantification in purple non-sulfur bacteria

Wada,

Rashid,

Wijten

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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A recent focus has been on the recovery of single-cell protein and other nutritionally valuable bioproducts, such as Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) from purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) biomass following wastewater treatment. However, due to PNSB’s peculiar cell envelope (e.g., increased membrane cross-section for energy transduction) and relatively smaller cell size compared to well-studied microbial protein sources like yeast and microalgae, the effectiveness of common cell disruption methods for protein quantification from PNSB may differ. Thus, this study examines the efficiency of selected chemical (NaOH and EDTA), mechanical (homogenization and bead milling), physical (thermal and bath/probe sonication), and combined chemical–mechanical/physical treatment techniques on the PNSB cell lysis. PNSB biomass was recovered from the treatment of gas-to-liquid process water. Biomass protein and CoQ10 contents were quantified based on extraction efficiency. Considering single-treatment techniques, bead milling resulted in the best protein yields (p < 0.001), with the other techniques resulting in poor yields. However, the NaOH-assisted sonication (combined chemical/physical treatment technique) resulted in similar protein recovery (p = 1.00) with bead milling, with the former having a better amino acid profile. For example, close to 50% of the amino acids, such as sensitive ones like tryptophan, threonine, cystine, and methionine, were detected in higher concentrations in NaOH-assisted sonication (>10% relative difference) compared to bead-milling due to its less disruptive nature and improved solubility of amino acids in alkaline conditions. Overall, PNSB required more intensive protein extraction techniques than were reported to be effective on other single-cell organisms. NaOH was the preferred chemical for chemical-aided mechanical/physical extraction as EDTA was observed to interfere with the Lowry protein kit, resulting in significantly lower concentrations. However, EDTA was the preferred chemical agent for CoQ10 extraction and quantification. CoQ10 extraction efficiency was also suspected to be adversely influenced by pH and temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of cell disruption methods for protein and coenzyme Q10 quantification in purple non-sulfur bacteria

Wada,

Rashid,

Wijten

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Valorization of purple non-sulfur bacteria biomass from anaerobic treatment of fuel synthesis process wastewater to microbial protein: a means of enhancing food security in arid climates

Wada

Onwusogh

Vincent

et al. 2023

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The global shift from traditional fish farming to aquaculture has created an aquafeed production gap. Hence, the recovery of microbial protein from organic and nutrient-rich agro-industrial wastewaters has been identified as a suitable substitute. However, such waste streams are sparse in arid climes like the Middle East. Thus, this study explores the potential of single-cell protein recovery from a novel waste stream abundant in the region–fuel synthesis process water (FSPW), via anaerobic treatment with purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). The feedstock (COD = 10.3 g/L) amended with essential nutrients was inoculated with a PNSB-dominated mixed culture in replicate 1-L batch fermenters. The wastewater characteristics and microbial biomass assays were performed using standard methods. Around two-thirds of the COD was degraded within 72 h at a rate of 2100 mg L−1d−1, which reduced to about 710 mg L−1d−1 by trial end. Also, total nitrogen levels (90 mg/L) were depleted within 72 h, indicating that nitrogen was a limiting nutrient. In addition, a peak biomass concentration of 1.11±0.037 gvss/L was obtained. Proximate analysis revealed that the biomass consisted of 35% protein, 32% lipid, 16% carbohydrate, 7% ash, 0.5% carotenoids, 0.6% bacteriochlorophylls, and 0.004% coenzyme Q10. Biomass protein’s amino acid profile was comparable to soybean grain and meets dietary requirements for several aquatic livestock. Metal analysis of the biomass and wastewater indicated that nutritionally undesirable metals were undetected. Results show that PNSB not only efficiently degrade FSPW’s organic load but also upcycles the waste to valuable feed constituents, potentially creating a regional circular economy.

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Recovery of purple non-sulfur bacteria-mediated single-cell protein from domestic wastewater in two-stage treatment using high rate digester and raceway pond

Doki,

Mehta,

Chakraborty

et al. 2024

Bioresource Technology

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Converting Fuel‐Synthesis Process Water to Aquaculture Feed by Purple Non‐Sulfur Bacteria

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of cell disruption methods for protein and coenzyme Q10 quantification in purple non-sulfur bacteria

Evaluation of cell disruption methods for protein and coenzyme Q10 quantification in purple non-sulfur bacteria

Valorization of purple non-sulfur bacteria biomass from anaerobic treatment of fuel synthesis process wastewater to microbial protein: a means of enhancing food security in arid climates

Recovery of purple non-sulfur bacteria-mediated single-cell protein from domestic wastewater in two-stage treatment using high rate digester and raceway pond

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