Converting excess low-price electricity into high-temperature stored heat for industry and high-value electricity production

Forsberg, Charles W.; Stack, Daniel C.; Curtis, Daniel; Haratyk, Geoffrey; Sepulveda, Nestor A.

doi:10.1016/j.tej.2017.06.009

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A subset of the literature has explored how to slow the decline in system value of VRE with increasing penetration, through changes in renewable technologies and deployment as well as changes in broader system-level electric conditions such as new transmission, increased generation and load flexibility, and storage. This work has largely focused on modeled future conditions (e.g., Mills and Wiser 2015;Hirth 2016;Deetjen et al 2016;Winkler, Pudlik, et al 2016;Hartner et al 2015;Ederer 2015;Obersteiner 2012;Tveten, Kirkerud, and Bolkesjø 2016;Hirth and Müller 2016;Denholm and Margolis 2016;Denholm et al 2015;Denholm, Clark, and O'Connell 2016;Birk and Tabors 2017;Obersteiner and Saguan 2011;Riva, Hethey, and Vitina 2017;Denholm, Eichman, and Margolis 2017;Gilmore et al 2014;Forsberg et al 2017). Figure 34 presents the results of a subset of the literature, including analysis from the U.S. and Europe; Figure 35 presents data on the historical wholesale market value of wind and solar in CAISO and wind in ERCOT, based on analysis conducted at LBNL.…”

Section: System Value Of Vre and Changes In Value With Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Variable Renewable Energy on Bulk Power System Assets, Pricing, and Costs

Wiser

Mills

Seel

et al. 2017

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and Patrick Brown (MIT). Of course, any omissions or errors that remain are solely the responsibility of the authors. penetrations increase, but sometimes come at a cost to the consumer that is not always accounted for in generation portfolio decision-making. (see Chapters 2 and 5) All generation types are unique in some respect-bringing benefits and challenges to the power system-and wholesale markets, industry investments, and operational procedures have evolved over time to manage the characteristics of a changing generation fleet. With increased VRE penetrations, power system planners, operators, regulators, and policymakers will continue to be challenged to develop methods to smoothly and cost-effectively manage the reliable integration of these new and growing sources of electricity supply. Less-liquid bilateral markets exist outside of ISO/RTO regions. Note also that substantial amounts of generation even in ISO/RTO regions are locked-into longer-term physical or financial contracts, in which case available wholesale market prices signal opportunity costs but may not affect immediate revenue generation for those existing generators; wholesale pricing will, of course, still affect market entry decisions for new generation. 2 Where active wholesale markets do not exist, the same basic dynamics hold: the declining cost of natural gas, for example, puts economic pressure on inflexible units even in markets that do not feature an ISO/RTO.

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Section: System Value Of Vre and Changes In Value With Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Variable Renewable Energy on Bulk Power System Assets, Pricing, and Costs

Wiser

Mills

Seel

et al. 2017

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“…As a result, it has been determined that the increase in electricity production contributes very positively to industrial development. On the other hand, Forsberg et al [31], Mata-Torres et al [32] and Morakabatchiankar et al [33] also reached similar results by taking into account the optimization method in their studies.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 60%

The Effects of Electricity Production on Industrial Development and Sustainable Economic Growth: A VAR Analysis for BRICS Countries

et al. 2019

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This study aims to evaluate the effect of electricity production on industrial development and sustainable economic growth. In this context, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), countries which have the highest increase in electricity production in the period of 2000-2018, are included in the scope of this study. Annual data of these variables in the period of 1991-2018 are used and three different models are created by using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) methodology. The findings state that electricity production in BRICS countries has a positive effect on both industrial production and sustainable economic growth. Hence, electricity production needs to be increased for them. For this purpose, it is important to encourage investors with tax advantages, location orientation and financing. Moreover, BRICS countries should give importance to renewable energy investments in order to increase electricity production. These issues have a contributing effect to sustainable economic growth.

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“…This project has done much of the work that would be required to integrate large-scale heat storage into an HTGR at the multi-gigawatt hour scale. With large-scale heat storage, there is the option of adding electric-resistance heaters to heat the storage media at times of low electricity prices in addition to heat input from the HTGR (Forsberg 2017c).…”

Section: Secondary Pressure Vessel With Solid Sensible Heat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Storing heat at high pressures is potentially attractive for HTGRs, but that requires either steel or prestressed concrete vessels. The same technology is needed for ACAS [Siemens 2017] and for several advanced gas-turbine cycles [Forsberg 2017c, Forsberg 2018. This creates significant incentives to develop this technology, recognizing that there are multiple potential customers.…”

Section: Observations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Storage Options for Sodium, Salt and Helium Cooled Reactors to Enable Variable Electricity to the Grid and Heat to Industry with Base-Load Reactor Operations

Forsberg

Sabharwall

2018

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Electricity markets are changing rapidly because of (1) the addition of wind and solar and (2) the goal of a low-carbon electricity grid. These changes result in times of high electricity prices and very low or negative electricity prices. California has seen its first month where more than 20% of the time (mid-day) the wholesale price of electricity was zero or negative. This creates large incentives for coupling heat storage to advanced reactors to enable variable electricity and industrial-heat output (maximize revenue) while the reactor operates at base load (minimize cost).Recent studies have examined coupling various types of heat storage to Rankine and Brayton power cycles. However, there has been little examination of heat-storage options between (1) the reactor and (2) the power-conversion system or industrial customer. Heat-storage systems can be incorporated into sodium, helium-, and salt-cooled reactors. Salt-cooled reactors include the fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) with its solid fuel and clean coolant and the molten salt reactor (MSR) with its fuel dissolved in the salt. For sodium and salt reactors, it is assumed that a heat-storage system would be in the secondary loop between the reactor and power cycle. For helium-cooled reactors, heat storage can be in the primary or secondary loop.This report is a first look at the rational and the heat storage options for deploying gigawatt-watt hour heat-storage systems with GenIV reactors. Economics and safety are the primary selection criteria. The leading heat-storage candidate for sodium-cooled systems (a low-pressure secondary system with small temperature drop across the reactor core) is steel in large tanks with the sodium flowing through channels to move heat in and out of storage. The design minimizes sodium volume in the storage and, thus, the risks and costs associated with sodium. For helium systems (high-pressure with large temperature drop across the core), the leading heat storage options are (1) varying the temperature of the reactor core, (2) steel or alumina firebrick in a secondary pressure vessel and (3) nitrate or hot-rock/firebrick at atmospheric pressure. For salt systems (low pressure, high temperatures, and small temperature drop across the reactor core) the leading heat-storage systems are secondary salts. In each case, options are identified and questions to be addressed are identified.In some cases there is a strong coupling between the heat-storage technology and the power cycle. The leading sodium heat-storage technology may imply changes in the power cycle. High-temperature salt systems couple efficiency to Brayton power cycles that may create large incentives for the heat storage to remain within the power cycle rather than in any intermediate heat transfer loop.iv v CANES PUBLICATIONSTopical and progress reports are published under seven series:

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Converting excess low-price electricity into high-temperature stored heat for industry and high-value electricity production

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Impacts of Variable Renewable Energy on Bulk Power System Assets, Pricing, and Costs

Impacts of Variable Renewable Energy on Bulk Power System Assets, Pricing, and Costs

The Effects of Electricity Production on Industrial Development and Sustainable Economic Growth: A VAR Analysis for BRICS Countries

Heat Storage Options for Sodium, Salt and Helium Cooled Reactors to Enable Variable Electricity to the Grid and Heat to Industry with Base-Load Reactor Operations

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