Converter processing of platinum group metals

Nelson, Lenis Alton; Georgalli, G.A.; Hines, Keith L.; Hundermark, Rodney

doi:10.1080/25726641.2018.1506272

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To an extent, PGM losses during this process are unavoidable, especially if the processed matte is of low quality. When the matte contains more iron to be removed into slag, some PGMs may also be moved there due to the sheer effect of the law of mass action [ 47 ]. Final products of the conversion are either high-grade metal matte or blister metal.…”

Section: Production Of Palladium From Primary Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, Recycling and Economy of Palladium: A Critical Review

Michałek,

Hessel,

Wojnicki

2023

Materials

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Platinum group metals (PGMs), including palladium, play a pivotal role in various industries due to their unique properties. Palladium is frequently employed in technologies aimed at environmental preservation, such as catalytic converters that reduce harmful emissions from vehicles, and in the production of clean energy, notably in the hydrogen evolution process. Regrettably, the production of this vital metal for our environment is predominantly centered in two countries—Russia and South Africa. This centralization has led to palladium being classified as a critical raw material, emphasizing the importance of establishing a secure and sustainable supply chain, as well as employing the most efficient methods for processing materials containing palladium. This review explores techniques for palladium production from primary sources and innovative recycling methods, providing insights into current technologies and emerging approaches. Furthermore, it investigates the economic aspects of palladium production, including price fluctuations influenced by emission regulations and electric vehicle sales, and establishes connections between palladium prices, imports from major producers, as well as copper and nickel prices, considering their often co-occurrence in ores.

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Section: Production Of Palladium From Primary Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, Recycling and Economy of Palladium: A Critical Review

Michałek,

Hessel,

Wojnicki

2023

Materials

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“…In PGM extraction, high MgO and Cr 2 O 3 concentrations in iron-nickel-copper concentrates of the Bushveld Complex require higher smelting temperatures than nickel matte smelting, close to 1600°C (Andrews 2005;Coetzee 2006;Eksteen, van Beek and Bezuidenhout 2011;Nell 2004;Nelson et al 2019). This is most likely the case also elsewhere where the ore body contains chromite minerals (Maier and Groves 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%