Conversion Technologies: Evaluation of Economic Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis for Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

Ali, Ramzi Ben; Ibrahim, Nik Nor Liyana Nik; Lam, Hon Loong

doi:10.3390/pr7100752

“…It is composed of organic waste (e.g., food waste), waste paper, plastic waste, tin cans, aluminum cans, textile, glass, etc. Furthermore, the relative composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to municipality, and it changes significantly with the season and along the years [1,2]. The global solid waste generation by urban residents is expected to increase from 3.5 Mtons/day in 2010 to 6.1 Mtons/day in 2025, with a total management cost of $375 billion in 2025 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of OFMSW Digestate-Derived Syngas toward Methanol, Hydrogen, or Electricity: Process Simulation and Carbon Footprint Calculation

Giuliano

¹

,

Catizzone

²

,

Freda

³

et al. 2020

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This paper explores a possible waste-based economy transition strategy. Digestate from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is considered, as well as a low-added value product to be properly valorized. In this regard, air gasification may be used to produce syngas. In this work, the production of methanol, hydrogen, or electricity from digestate-derived syngas was assessed by ChemCAD process simulation software. The process scheme of methanol production comprises the following parts: water gas shift (WGS) with carbon capture and storage units (CCS), methanol synthesis, and methanol purification. In the case of hydrogen production, after WGS-CCS, hydrogen was purified from residual nitrogen by pressure swing absorption (PSA). Finally, for electricity production, the digestate-derived syngas was used as fuel in an internal combustion engine. The main objective of this work is to compare the proposed scenarios in terms of CO2 emission intensity and the effect of CO2 storage. In particular, CCS units were used for methanol or hydrogen production with the aim of obtaining high equilibrium yield toward these products. On the basis of 100 kt/year of digestate, results show that the global CO2 savings were 80, 71, and 69 ktCO2eq/year for electricity, methanol, and hydrogen production, respectively. If carbon storage was considered, savings of about 105 and 99 ktCO2eq/year were achieved with methanol and hydrogen production, respectively. The proposed scenarios may provide an attractive option for transitioning into methanol or hydrogen economy of the future.

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“…a water network [18] and wastewater treatment [19]. There have been a few studies investigating the application of superstructure optimization in MSW management [20][21][22][23][24]. Although previous studies have presented the potential of superstructure optimization in order to handle the simultaneous selection of waste processing technologies and operating conditions, solid/liquid residue and uncertainty analysis are typically overlooked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Superstructure Optimization Framework for the Design of Municipal Solid Waste Facilities

Puchongkawarin¹

2020

Preprint

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The main objective of this study is to develop a decision-making tool for the design of the optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) facilities based on superstructure optimization. Currently, the disposal of MSW is a major problem due to the lack of awareness of the negative impacts resulting from dumping MSW into the environment. This poses a challenge for the authorities. MSW valorization such as anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, gasification etc has been increasingly focused on as an approach when handling MSW to enhance both economic and environmental sustainability. However, with an increasing array of processing technologies, the design of MSW facilities involving the integration of these technologies is becoming tedious and unmanageable. To deal with this problem, superstructure optimization is proposed. It is an effective tool for the design of several chemical processes because it is able to consider all potential process alternatives including the optimal solution using mathematical models based on mass and energy balances. Uncertainty is incorporated into the optimization framework to enhance the robustness of the solution. The proposed methodology was applied in the design process of the MSW facility in Ubon Rathathani province, Thailand, with the objective function of maximizing the profit. The optimization problem was developed as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and it was solved using an optimization platform, GAMS, with CPLEX as the solver related to obtaining the optimal solution. The results show there to be as positive profit that is economically viable compared to the use of landfill technology.

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“…a water network [18] and wastewater treatment [19]. There have been a few studies investigating the application of superstructure optimization in MSW management [20][21][22][23][24]. Although previous studies have presented the potential of superstructure optimization in order to handle the simultaneous selection of waste processing technologies and operating conditions, evaluation of solid/liquid residue such as the residual materials as well as wastewater from waste processing technologies and uncertainty analysis are typically disregarded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a superstructure optimization framework for the design of municipal solid waste facilities

Puchongkawarin

¹

,

Mattaraj

²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main objective of this study is to develop a decision-making tool for the design of the optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) facilities based on superstructure optimization. Currently, the disposal of MSW is a major problem due to the lack of awareness of the negative impacts resulting from dumping MSW into the environment. This poses a challenge for the authorities. MSW valorization such as anaerobic digestion (AD), pyrolysis, gasification etc has been increasingly focused on as an approach when handling MSW to enhance both economic and environmental sustainability. However, with an increasing array of processing technologies, the design of MSW facilities involving the integration of these technologies is becoming tedious and unmanageable. To deal with this problem, superstructure optimization is proposed. It is an effective tool for the design of several chemical processes because it is able to consider all potential process alternatives including the optimal solution using mathematical models based on mass and energy balances. Uncertainty is incorporated into the optimization framework to enhance the robustness of the solution. The proposed methodology was applied in the design process of the MSW facility in Ubon Rathathani province, Thailand, with the objective function of maximizing the profit. The optimization problem was developed as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and it was solved using an optimization platform, GAMS, with CPLEX as the solver related to obtaining the optimal solution. The results show there to be as positive profit that is economically viable compared to the use of landfill technology.

show abstract

Conversion Technologies: Evaluation of Economic Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis for Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Valorization of OFMSW Digestate-Derived Syngas toward Methanol, Hydrogen, or Electricity: Process Simulation and Carbon Footprint Calculation

Valorization of OFMSW Digestate-Derived Syngas toward Methanol, Hydrogen, or Electricity: Process Simulation and Carbon Footprint Calculation

Development of a Superstructure Optimization Framework for the Design of Municipal Solid Waste Facilities

Development of a superstructure optimization framework for the design of municipal solid waste facilities

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