Conversion of xylose to levulinic acid over modified acid functions of alkaline-treated zeolite Y in hot-compressed water

Thermo-chemical pretreatment of rice straw for further processing for levulinic acid production

“…For all LA conversion yield calculations, potential xylose concentration in the fibers was also accounted, because of its significant contribution for direct LA synthesis (~23% wt. ), based on preliminary result obtained under the same prevailing conditions(Chamnankid et al, 2014).In accordance with the recent literature reports, LA can be produced from C5 sugars (xylose), in theory, via series of dehydration (xylose to furfural), hydrogenation (furfural to furfuryl alcohol) and acidic catalysis (furfuryl alcohol to levulinic acid) reaction steps(Gürbüz et al, 2012;.…”

“…moisture content (dry basis), its particle size reduced using a commercial grinder (Kinematica PX-MFC 90 D) and sieved to a uniform particle size of 0.5 mm (30 mesh). The processed material was stored in plastic bags at room temperature until further 6 use. All chemicals and reagents were purchased commercially (analytical grade) and used as received, unless otherwise indicated.…”

Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at relatively high temperature using FeCl3 as catalyst: A simplified model evaluated

“…These two functional groups make levulinic acid a potentially versatile building block for the synthesis of various organic compounds (Cha and Hanna, 2002;Chang et al, 2007). Such as: Levulinate esters can be used to produce food flavour and tobacco flavour as well as fuel additives (Yadav and Yadav, 2014); G-valerolactone (GVL) can be converted to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels which are hydrogenated from Wyman, 2012;Hu et al, 2015;Chamnankid et al, 2014). Owing to its high efficiency and easy operation, mineral acid catalyst has drawn much attention.…”

Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid over Fe/HY zeolite catalyst

“…Previously, zeolite has been tested as catalyst for glucose dehydration reaction [5,6,[13][14][15]. Zeolite has good potential to be used in glucose dehydration since the pore structures exert significant influence on the reaction [6,16,17].…”