Conversion of the CD4 T cell profile from T-dominant type to T-dominant type after varicella-zoster virus infection in atopic dermatitis

Fujimura, Takao; Yamanashi, Rika; Masuzawa, Mikio; Fujita, Yuhsuke; Katsuoka, Kensei; Nishiyama, Sigeo; Mitsuyama, Masao; Nomoto, Kikuo

doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70236-7

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This may also apply to atopic disease, as suggested by the finding that infection by varicella-zoster virus in atopic dermatitis skin lesions induces local IL-12 production and converts a Th2 cytokine profile to a Th1 cytokine profile. It was found that both locally in the lesions and systemically in the peripheral blood, specific responses to mite allergens were shifted towards a Th1 phenotype [75]. This fits the concept of the recently proposed hygiene hypothesis, which states that the increased prevalence of atopic disorders is due to a decrease in the exposure to certain infectious microorganisms, as a result of a changing lifestyle and increased personal hygiene [76].…”

Section: Intervention Leading To Modified Cytokine Profilessupporting

confidence: 66%

How to Deal with Polarized Th2 Cells: Exploring the Achilles’ Heel

Smits

Hilkens

Kaliński

et al. 2001

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The central effector cells in the pathogenesis of atopic allergic diseases are type 2 T helper (Th2) cells, which display an aberrant cytokine profile dominated by type 2 cytokines. Initial reports from mouse studies indicated that established and committed Th2 cells are stable and unsusceptible to modulation. However, there is a growing awareness that in humans, established effector Th2 cells are more flexible and can be reverted to predominant Th1 phenotypes. In fact, the Th1-driving cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 is the crucial factor in this respect. IL-12 is mainly produced by dendritic cells (DC), which can be primed for high or low IL-12 production, depending on inflammatory and/or microbial signals they encounter during their residence in the peripheral tissues. Accordingly, both the regulation of and the priming for IL-12 production in DC form ideal targets for therapeutic intervention. The development of new therapies for atopic allergy now focuses on local IL-12-promoting substances to target both the development of new Th2 cells and the persistent population of established allergen-specific Th2 cells.

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Section: Intervention Leading To Modified Cytokine Profilessupporting

confidence: 66%

How to Deal with Polarized Th2 Cells: Exploring the Achilles’ Heel

Smits

Hilkens

Kaliński

et al. 2001

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…In favor of an immune aberration is the fact that NF, the most severe manifestation of soft tissue infection, tended to occur more commonly in association with chickenpox than in nonchickenpox cases. Furthermore, Fujimara et al 33 have presented evidence of a switch of the CD4 ϩ T cell profile in patients with varicella and underlying atopic dermatitis from a T H2 to a T H1 dominant type with a relative immunosuppression. TH1 cells produce interferon-␥ and interleukin 2 (IL-2) and promote cellular immunity, whereas TH2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and promote humoral immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in Children and Association With Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection

Davies²,

et al. 2000

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. To describe the incidence and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease in children in Ontario and determine the risk of invasive GAS infection following chickenpox.Methods. During 1992-1996, we conducted prospective, active, population-based surveillance for pediatric invasive GAS disease in Ontario, Canada (population: 11 million; 2.5 million children) and reviewed clinical and laboratory records.Results. There were 1.9 cases of invasive GAS disease per 100 000 children per year. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) occurred in 7% of cases and necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in 4% for incidences of .08 and .13 per 100 000 per year, respectively. Case-fatality rates were 56% for STSS, 10% for NF, and 4% overall. The presence of chronic underlying illness other than asthma was associated with death (relative risk [RR]: 11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4 -45). Fifteen percent of children identified had preceding chickenpox infection, which significantly increased the risk for acquisition of invasive GAS disease (RR: 58; 95% CI: 40 -85). Children with invasive GAS and recent chickenpox were more likely to have NF (RR: 6.3; 95% CI: 1.8 -22.3).Conclusions. Childhood invasive GAS disease occurs at an incidence similar to the adult population but has a lower rate of STSS and case-fatality. Chickenpox dramatically increases the risk for acquiring invasive GAS disease, and universal chickenpox vaccination could potentially prevent up to 15% of all pediatric invasive GAS disease. Pediatrics 2000;105(5). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/105/5/e60; varicella, group A streptococcus, pediatric, risk. ABBREVIATIONS. GAS, group A streptococcus/streptococcal; NF, necrotizing fasciitis; STSS, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome; VZV, varicella-zoster virus; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; IL, interleukin. T he past 15 years have witnessed a striking resurgence in the incidence and severity of infections caused by group A streptococci (GAS), including necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).1-9 Numerous hospital-based case series have been reported on the clinical spectrum of pediatric invasive GAS disease and have identified that varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection commonly precedes these infections, especially in cases of NF.10 -21 However, to adequately define the epidemiology of these infections, population-based studies are required. Published reports from population-based surveillance of invasive GAS infection have included relatively few pediatric cases.3,5 This limits conclusions regarding the incidence and clinical features of this disease in children.Our group previously reported the results of prospective, population-based surveillance for invasive GAS disease in Ontario, Canada, in 1992-1993, identifying 323 cases of which only 81 were in children. 3 The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and clinical features of invasive GAS disease in children in a large population (Ontario) and to b...

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“…A cause-and-effect relationship between IL-12 and IFN-γ expression may play a role in the conversion of type 2 T cells into IFN-γ-producing T cells that induce KC apoptosis in AD (15)(16)(17)58). In addition, virus infections and bacterial superantigens of AD skin may lead to IFN-γ secretion of skin-infiltrating T cells (14,58,59). Furthermore, KCs exhibited a relatively low threshold for FasR expression in response to IFN-γ, in the range of 0.1-1.0 ng/mL.…”

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confidence: 99%